徐幸 杨芳 王燕平 谢家廉 李跃建 彭云良 姬红丽

摘要 调查四川省成都平原地区水旱轮作田根结线虫发生情况及种类分布，为水旱轮作田根结线虫的防治提供依据。对成都平原15个县（市、区）28个乡（镇）共159块水旱轮作田的土样进行根结线虫普遍率调查，利用线虫ITS通用引物和8对根结线虫特异性引物对其中检出率高的地区重新采集的土样进行根结线虫种类分子鉴定。结果表明，成都平原水旱轮作田根结线虫平均检出率为40.25%。重新采集的土样共鉴定出5种根结线虫：拟禾谷根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola、花生根结线虫M.arenaria、南方根结线虫M.incognita、北方根结线虫M.hapla和爪哇根结线虫M.javanica，各线虫的检出率分别为40.91%、34.09%、13.64%、13.64%和2.27%，其中2955%的样品由2种以上根结线虫混合侵染。拟禾谷根结线虫和花生根结线虫为该地区优势种群。

关键词 普遍率; 特异性引物PCR; 拟禾谷根结线虫; 花生根结线虫; 混合侵染

中图分类号： S 432.45

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020294

Prevailing species of root-knot nematodes from paddy-upland rotation fields in Chengdu plain

XU Xing1， YANG Fang1， WANG Yanping1， XIE Jialian1， LI Yuejian2， PENG Yunliang1， JI Hongli1*

（1. MARA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China， Institute of Plant Protection，

Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， China; 2. Institute of Horticulture Research， Sichuan

Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， China）

Abstract

To investigate the prevailing species of root-knot nematodes （RKNs） from paddy-upland rotation fields in Chengdu plain of Sichuan province， 159 soil samples were taken from 28 townships in 15 counties （districts or cities）. The RKNs species were identified by universal primer pair for ITS region of RKNs and eight species of species-specific primers amplification from re-collected samples where high infestation incidence was found in the first round of sampling and bioassay. 40.25% of 159 samples were found to be able to cause root knots in the root systems of either rice or tomato. Five species of RKNs， i.e.， Meloidogyne graminicola， M.arenaria， M.incognita， M.hapla and M.javanica were identified， with the infestation incidence of 40.91%， 34.09%， 1364%， 13.64% and 2.27%， respectively. 2955% of the re-investigation samples were infested with two or more species of RKNs. M.graminicola and Marenaria were the dominant species in paddy-upland rotation fields in Chengdu plain.

Key words

infestation incidence; species-specific PCR; Meloidogyne graminicola; M.arenaria; mixed infestation

根結线虫Meloidogyne spp.作为全球农业经济危害最严重的植物病原线虫，其寄主和地理分布范围广泛[1]。根结线虫侵染植物根部后，根部细胞过度分裂、膨大，使根部形成根结，导致根系的吸收能力降低，被害株长势衰弱、甚至提早死亡。此外根结线虫侵染造成植物根系的损伤还利于土壤中植物寄生真菌的侵入和危害。目前世界上报道有98种根结线虫，其中有40余种在我国已有发生记载[2]。随着种植结构调整，根结线虫病在我国发生和危害日益加重，一般导致作物减产15%～25%，部分田块损失高达70%以上，甚至绝收[2]。……