王照国 杨雪 余帅 黄裕兵 金军 李��

摘要 黑腹果蠅Drosophila melanogaster 是多种水果生产中为害最为严重的害虫。植物精油可影响多种昆虫的行为。本试验提取了辣椒Capsicum annuum、小香葱Allium cepiforme、韭菜A.tuberosum 、洋葱A.cepa 、薄荷Mentha canadensis及大黄Rheum officinale 的精油，测试了各精油对黑腹果蝇行为的影响并分析了主要化学成分，在此基础上，测试了5种精油中主要化合物对黑腹果蝇行为的影响。结果表明：6种植物精油均对黑腹果蝇表现出一定的驱避活性，活性次序为：薄荷>洋葱>韭菜>大黄>小香葱>辣椒。各精油中所含的主要化合物为长叶薄荷酮、草蒿脑、茴香脑、大黄酸、3-甲氧基苯酚。长叶薄荷酮、草蒿脑及茴香脑对黑腹果蝇表现出显著的驱避活性，当浓度为62.5 mg/L时，它们对黑腹果蝇的驱避率均高于90%，15.62 mg/L的大黄酸和3-甲氧基苯酚表现出显著的引诱活性，驱避率分别为-87.50%和-117.76%。长叶薄荷酮、草蒿脑、3-甲氧基苯酚具有开发为昆虫驱避剂和引诱剂的潜力。

关键词 植物精油; 黑腹果蝇; 行为影响; 成分分析; 活性化合物

中图分类号： S 436.639

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020350

Behavioral effects of six plant essential oils on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and their active compounds

WANG Zhaoguo， YANG Xue， YU Shuai， HUANG Yubing， JIN Jun， LI Yan*

（State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants， The Key Laboratory of

Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences，Guizhou

Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs， Guiyang 550014， China）

Abstract

Drosophila melanogaster Meigen is the most harmful pest for the production of various economic fruits. Some plant essential oils impose behavioral effects on such pests. This study extracted essential oils from Capsicum annuum， Allium cepiforme， A.tuberosum， A.cepa， Mentha canadensis， and Rheum officinale. These essential oils were then tested for their behavioral effects on Dmelanogaster， and their chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. Five compounds， belonging to the main ingredients of the essential oils， were tested for their behavioral effect on D.melanogaster. The results showed that all six plant essential oils showed repellent activity in the order from high to low as followed： M.canadensis， A.cepa， A.tuberosum， R.officinale， A.cepiforme， and C.annuum. The main components contained in each essential oil were pulegone， estragole， anethole， rhein， and 3-methoxyphenol. Pulegone， estragole and anethole showed significant repellent activity against Dmelanogaster， all with a repelling rate higher than 90% at 62.5 mg/L. Rhein and 3-methoxyphenol showed significant attractive activity， with a repelling rate of -87.50% and -117.76% at 15.62 mg/L， respectively. Therefore， pulegone， estragole and 3-methoxyphenol can potentially be developed as insect repellents and attractants.

Key words

plant essential oils; Drosophila melanogaster; behavior effect; analysis of chemical constituents;active compounds

黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen属双翅目果蝇科果蝇属昆虫，以腐烂的水果或植物体为食，寄主植物广泛，已知寄主涉及18科60多种水果，包括香蕉、猕猴桃、柿、无花果、草莓、樱桃、李、油桃、西洋梨、黑莓、树莓、蓝莓、葡萄等。黑腹果蝇为钻蛀性害虫，喜欢将卵产到水果的皮下，幼虫孵化后就吸食水果果肉汁液，随着幼虫的蛀食，被取食果软化、腐烂、脱落[1-5]，降低了水果的品质和经济效益。黑腹果蝇为害期长且难以防治，严重影响寄主水果市场销售及种植效益[6]。因黑腹果蝇……