李玮 沈硕

摘要 为明确青海高原地区不同春小麦品种对麦田主要危害杂草旱雀麦Bromus tectorum的化感作用，本研究通过田间一致性试验对青海高原地区的20个春小麦品种（系）进行化感作用评价，筛选出强化感作用品种。分别于春小麦3～5叶期和成熟期调查受体旱雀麦的生长性状，转化为化感作用指数，并结合聚类分析，将20个小麦品种按化感作用的强弱分为强、中、弱3类。结果表明，20个春小麦品种（系）对受体旱雀麦的田间生长均具有化感抑制作用，其中‘青春38号‘黑丝麦1号‘通麦2号和‘互麦11号为田间化感作用较强的春小麦品种。该研究为青海高原地区春小麦化感抑草品种选育提供了新资源，同时为青海高原地区化学农药减量和生态环境保护提供了新策略。

关键词 青海高原; 春小麦品种; 化感作用; 田间评价

中图分类号： S 451

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020299

Evaluation of the allelopathic effect of the spring wheat varieties in the field in Qinghai plateau

LI Wei1，2，3， SHEN Shuo1*

（1. Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Qinghai University， Xining 810016， China; 2. State Scientific Observation

and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Xining 810016， China;

3. Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Qinghai， Xining 810016， China）

Abstract

In order to determine the allelopathic effects of different kinds of spring wheat varieties in the Qinghai plateau on the main weed Bromus tectorum  in wheat fields， the allelopathic effects of 20 spring wheat varieties （lines） were evaluated， and the wheat varieties with high allelopathic effect were screened by using field consistency experiments. The growth traits of the recipient B.tectorum at 3-5-leaf and mature stages of spring wheat were investigated， which were converted to allelopathic index RI. According to the cluster analysis， the 20 wheat varieties were divided into three groups： high， moderate and low degrees. The results showed that all the 20 spring wheat varieties （lines） had allelopathic inhibitory effects on the growth of the recipient weed in the field. Among them， ‘Qingchun 38 ‘Heisimai 1 ‘Tongmai 2 and ‘Humai 11 were the varieties with higher allelopathic effects. This study provides new resources for allelopathic spring wheat breeding and also new strategies for reduced use of chemical pesticides and ecological environmental protection.

Key words

Qinghai plateau; spring wheat varieties; allelopathic effect; field evaluation

旱雀麥Bromus tectorum Linn.为禾本科、雀麦属一年生杂草，其环境适应性强，可在海拔高度100～4 200 m区域生长，在我国主要分布在新疆、青海、甘肃和四川等西部省份[1-2]。旱雀麦具有广阔的生态幅，其在高海拔地区的丰富度在持续增加[3-4]。青藏高原的气候条件和地理环境等适宜旱雀麦的种群发展。近年来由于降水量增加、气温升高、人为干扰因素增大等原因，加之青藏高原相对单一的生物群落结构对旱雀麦种群扩散抵抗力较弱[5]，其开始由牧区向农业区分布。本课题组通过长期监测发现，20世纪90年代后，旱雀麦在青海省由零星发生逐渐蔓延演变成群落优势种群，并开始危害油菜、小麦、青稞等作物，在共和、海晏、祁连等青海湖环湖农业区旱雀麦出现频率达75%，危害指数为43.0[6]，现已成为危害青海省农业生产的主要禾本科杂草。……