李玉艳 王孟卿 张莹莹 马梦 李萍 毛建军 陈红印 张礼生

摘要 为明确优良天敌丽草蛉对重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾的控害潜能，本研究测定了丽草蛉幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫的捕食能力及其功能反应，观察并总结了其捕食行为特点。结果表明，丽草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵及1～2龄幼虫均具有较强的捕食能力，其2龄幼虫日均捕食猎物卵（30.2±6.8）粒、1龄幼虫（22.2±5.6）头，3龄幼虫对猎物1龄幼虫的捕食量最高，为（66.8±13.3）头，其次是对卵和2龄幼虫，捕食量分别为（46.2±8.9）粒和（10.95±1.2）头。丽草蛉幼虫对不同虫态草地贪夜蛾的捕食量随猎物密度增加逐渐升高后趋于稳定，符合Holling Ⅱ功能反应模型。3龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾的搜寻处理能力、捕食速率及最大捕食量均显著优于2龄幼虫，控害效能更强。本研究结果为利用丽草蛉持续控制草地贪夜蛾提供了重要参考依据。

关键词 丽草蛉; 草地贪夜蛾; 捕食能力; 功能反应; 生物防治

中图分类号： S 476.2

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.

2020305

Predatory capacity of Chrysopa formosa on the eggs and young larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda

LI Yuyan， WANG Mengqing， ZHANG Yingying， MA Meng， LI Ping，MAO Jianjun， CHEN Hongyin， ZHANG Lisheng*

（Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China）

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the predator Chrysopa formosa in controlling the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda. The predatory capacity and functional responses of C.formosa larvae to different stages of S.frugiperda were determined， and the predatory behavior was also observed in this study. Our results indicated that the 2nd-and 3rd-instar larvae of C.formosa both had great predatory capacity against Sfrugiperda eggs and young larvae. C.formosa 2nd-instar larvae could consume （30.2±6.8） eggs and （22.2±56） 1st-instar larvae of S.frugiperda. The 3rd-instar larvae of C.formosa had the highest consumption on Sfrugiperda 1st-instar larvae （66.8±13.3）， followed by on S.frugiperda eggs （46.2±8.9） and the 2nd-instar larvae （10.95±1.2）. The predation amounts of C.formosa 2nd- and 3rd-instar larvae to all stages of S.frugiperda first increased with the rise of prey density and then reached a plateau; the predators functional response was fitted with Holling Ⅱ model. According to all parameters of the functional response， the 3rd-instar larvae had much greater searching and handling ability， higher predation rate and consumption amount than the 2nd-instar larvae of C.formosa， suggesting that C.formosa 3rd-instar larvae were more effective in suppressing the Sfrugiperda population. The results presented here provide an important reference for the long-term sustainable control of S.frugiperda.

Key words

Chrysopa formosa; Spodoptera frugiperda; predatory capacity; functional response; biological control

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是联合国粮农组织（FAO）全球预警的迁飞性暴发性重大农业害虫[1]，原发于美洲热带和亚热带地区，可为害玉米、水稻、高粱、大豆、甘蔗、棉花、烟草等350余种植物[2]。该害虫具有发生范围广、繁殖能力强、扩散速度快、为害程度重、防控难度大等特点，可为害玉米的根、茎、叶、穗等多个部位，一般造成玉米减产10%～70%，重者毁种绝收，严重威胁玉米的产量和质量[3-6]。据FAO报道，2018年草地贪夜蛾为害导致非洲12个国家的玉米产量损失达1 770万t，相当于数千万人一年的口粮[7]。……