台莲梅 姜小玉 靳学慧 张亚玲 左豫虎

摘要 为了解黑龙江省水稻穗褐变病主要病原菌侵染时期及致病性情况，分别于水稻破口期、扬花期、乳熟初期采用禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum、链格孢Alternaria alternata、稻黑孢Nigrospora oryzae、黑附球霉Epicoccum nigrum对水稻穗进行注射和喷雾接种。结果表明，4种病原菌在水稻破口后即可侵染稻穗使谷粒颖壳变褐。注射接种稻穗谷粒褐变重于喷雾接种。4种病原菌的致病力存在明显差异，禾谷镰孢致病力最强，链格孢的致病力弱于禾谷镰孢。

关键词 水稻; 穗褐变病; 侵染时期; 致病力

中图分类号： S 435.111

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021096

Infection period and virulence of the main pathogens isolated from browning panicle of rice

TAI Lianmei1， JIANG Xiaoyu2， JIN Xuehui1， ZHANG Yaling1， ZUO Yuhu1*

（1. College of Agronomy，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，  Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of

Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control， Daqing 163319， China; 2. Organization Department

of the County Party Committee in Zhaozhou， Heilongjiang Province， Daqing 166400， China）

Abstract

In order to understand the infection period and virulence of the main pathogens isolated from browning panicle of rice in Heilongjiang， Fusarium graminearum， Alternaria alternata， Nigrospora oryzae and Epicoccum nigrum were inoculated at the rupturing stage， flowering stage and the early milk-ripe stage of rice panicle by injecting and spraying conidia suspension. The results showed that the rice panicle could be infected by four pathogens and caused browning grain glumes at the rupturing stage. Injecting inoculation caused more serious browning grains than spraying inoculation. The virulence of four pathogens was obviously different. The virulence of Fgraminearum was the strongest， followed by A.alternata， while that of N.oryzae and E.nigrum were weaker.

Key words

rice; rice panicle browning; infection period; virulence

水稻是黑龙江省主要粮食作物，种植面积仅次于玉米居第二位。由于水稻的长期种植、气候变化和品种更替，水稻病害的发生情况也随之改变。除了稻瘟病、纹枯病为常发病害外，近年来，水稻穗褐变病也常有发生且日趋严重，已成为黑龙江省水稻生产的新障碍[1]。水稻穗褐变病（也称谷粒变色、褐变穗、黑穗病、穗腐病等）是发生于水稻穗部的病害。病菌侵染水稻穗部谷粒，发病初期稻穗颖壳上出现褐色或铁锈色斑点，而后斑点逐渐变大为不规则的病斑，甚至整粒变为浓褐色或黑褐色。病粒无光泽，发生严重的年份，有的颖壳空瘪，受害谷粒会出现茶色米、黑米，严重影响水稻产量和稻米品质[2]。有的病菌产生毒素，危害人类、畜禽健康[3]。据报道，水稻穗褐变病由多种病原真菌引起，但各地的病原菌有所不同[3-6]。黑龙江省水稻穗褐变病主要由禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum、鏈格孢Alternaria alternata、稻黑孢Nigrospora oryzae和黑附球霉Epicoccum nigrum 4种病原真菌引起[7]。……