魏琳 段晓明 芦光新 常建萍 周孝娟 马海霞 祁鹤兴

摘要 球茎腐烂病是严重影响藏红花球茎品质和柱头产量的病害。为鉴定引起藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌及筛选防治该病害的有效杀菌剂，本研究基于形态学特征、rDNA-ITS和TEF-1α序列分析，对青海省藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌进行了鉴定，并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌作用。结果发现，引起藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti，其中尖孢镰刀菌为优势病原菌。室内药剂试验表明70%甲基硫菌灵WP、 50%咯菌腈WP、 50%苯醚甲环唑SC和25%硅唑·咪鲜胺EW对两种镰刀菌均具有较好的抑制作用，EC50在0.574 0～1.808 6 mg/L之间，64%噁霜·锰锌WP、 30%噁霉灵AS和45%石硫合剂WP对2种镰刀菌的抑菌作用较差，EC50在2.134 4～7.915 3 mg/L之间。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治藏红花球茎腐烂病提供了科学依据。

关键词 藏红花球茎腐烂病; 尖孢镰刀菌; 木贼镰刀菌; 杀菌剂筛选

中图分类号： S 435.672

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020521

Identification of saffron corm rot disease pathogen and laboratory screening of chemical agents

WEI Lin， DUAN Xiaoming， LU Guangxin， CHANG Jianping， ZHOU Xiaojuan， MA Haixia， QI Hexing*

（College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry， Qinghai University， Xining 810016， China）

Abstract

Saffron corm rot disease has a strong impact on the quality of saffron corm and the yield of stigma. For identifying the pathogenic fungi of saffron corm rot disease and screening the effective fungicides for controlling this disease， this study aimed at identifying the pathogen based on morphological characteristics， rDNA-ITS and TEF-1α sequence analysis. The inhibition effects of ten fungicides on the pathogens were also determined by using mycelial growth rate method in this study. The results showed that Fusarium oxysporum and F.equiseti caused saffron corm rot disease， and F.oxysporum was the dominant pathogen. Laboratory fungicide experiments demonstrated that thiophanate-methyl 70% WP， fludioxonil 50% WP， difenoconazole 50% SC  and flusilazole·prochloraz 25% EW had a strong inhibition effect on F.oxysporum and F.equiseti， with an EC50 value of 0.574 0-1.808 6 mg/L. The inhibition effect of oxadixyl·mancozeb 64% WP， hymexazol 30% AS and lime sulphur 45% WP was worse， with an EC50 value of 2.134 4-7.915 3 mg/L. The results provide a scientific basis for using fungicides to control saffron corm rot disease in saffron production.

Key words

saffron corm rot disease; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium equiseti; screening of fungicide

藏紅花Crocus sativus L.又名番红花，西红花，属鸢尾科Iridaceae，多年生，短日照草本植物[1]。主要分布在欧洲、地中海及中亚等地，最早在希腊人工栽培，汉朝时传入我国西藏，因此有藏红花、番红花之称[2]。藏红花以柱头入药，是一种名贵的中药材，具有祛瘀生新、活血通经、凉血解毒、解郁安神等功效[3-5]。此外，藏红花球茎又可做高档观赏花卉出售，因此，藏红花具有较高的经济价值[6]。我国从80年代初在上海引种成功后，随后在江苏、浙江、江西、福建、北京、湖南、新疆、河南、江西、广西和青海等22个省区市陆续引种[7-9]。……