张胜男 李国平 田彩红 黄建荣 封洪强

摘要 本文明確了桃蛀螟的雌性生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1根中输卵管、1个交配囊和1个受精囊组成。依据雌性生殖系统发育的典型特征，即卵巢小管形态、卵粒的成熟度、脂肪体的多少及形态，将卵巢发育过程分为乳白透明期（Ⅰ级）、卵黄沉积期（Ⅱ级）、成熟待产期（Ⅲ级）、产卵盛期（Ⅳ级）及产卵末期（Ⅴ级）5个发育时期。在温度为20、25℃和30℃下，桃蛀螟初羽化成虫完成卵巢发育的全部过程（Ⅰ级～Ⅴ级）所需时间分别为11.43、938、8.62 d。经推算，桃蛀螟卵巢各级（Ⅰ级～Ⅴ级）的发育起点温度分别为22.88、21.1、16.55、18.44、1119℃，有效积温分别为0.37、4.45、23.22、35.10日·度和125.91 日·度。根据不同温度下卵巢发育的速度，建立了卵巢发育速率的预测模型，这为桃蛀螟的短期精准预报提供了科学依据。

关键词 桃蛀螟; 卵巢解剖; 分级标准; 卵巢发育速率预测模型

中图分类号： S 435.132

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020370

Ovarian development of Conogethes punctiferalis （Guenée） and its relationship with temperature

ZHANG Shengnan， LI Guoping， TIAN Caihong， HUANG Jianrong*， FENG Hongqiang*

（Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control， Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in

Southern Part of Northern China， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; International Joint Research

Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan; Institute of Plant Protection， Henan Academy of Agricultural

Sciences， Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University， Zhengzhou 450002， China）

Abstract

This article clarified the female reproductive system of Conogethes punctiferalis， which was composed of a pair of ovaries， a pair of lateral oviducts， one middle oviduct， one copulatory pouch and one bursa copulatrix. According to the typical characteristics of the developing female reproductive system， including the fine morphology of the ovarian tubules， the maturity of eggs， the number and morphology of the fat body， the ovarian developmental process was divided into five developmental stages： the transparent stage （level Ⅰ）， the vitellogenesis stage （level Ⅱ）， the egg maturation stage （level Ⅲ）， the egg-laying stage （level Ⅳ） and the late egg-laying stage （level Ⅴ）. At the temperatures of 20， 25℃ and 30℃， the developmental durations of level Ⅰ to level Ⅴ were 11.43， 9.38， 8.62 d， respectively. After calculation， the developmental temperature thresholds and sum of degree-day accumulation required for level Ⅰ- level Ⅴ of ovarian development were 22.88， 21.11， 1655， 1844， 11.19℃， and 0.37， 4.45， 23.22， 35.10， 125.91 degree-days， respectively. According to the speed of ovarian development at different temperatures， an ovarian development prediction model was established， which provides a scientific basis for the accurate short-term forecast of C.punctiferalis.

Key words

Conogethes punctiferalis; ovary anatomy; grading standards; ovary development model

害虫测报是进行害虫精准防控的基础，而灯诱、性诱、卵巢解剖及田间调查等技术是进行害虫测报的有效措施[1]。卵巢解剖不仅能确定害虫种群的卵巢发育级别，判断产卵高峰期，推断害虫的防治时期，还可以确定种群的繁殖能力，明确害虫的迁飞潜力，是害虫短期预测的关键技术[2-3]。

在1957年初农业部制定的黏虫 Mythimna separata 测报办法中把解剖雌蛾、观察其卵巢发育进度作为测报的常规方法，这是卵巢解剖工作应用于我国害虫测报工作的开端[4]。通过近几十年来不断研究，已确定了黏虫、棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera、亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis、二点委夜蛾 Athetis lepigone、褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens 和稻纵卷叶螟 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis 等多种农业害虫的卵巢分级标准[5-10]，构建了卵巢解剖应用技术的短期预测预报系统，已成为我国害虫测报的常规技术手段。……