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棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化特性及小麦孢囊线虫的影响

2021-10-12王继雯李磊刘莹莹甄静岳丹丹李冠杰慕琦杨金星陈国参

植物保护 2021年5期

王继雯 李磊 刘莹莹 甄静 岳丹丹 李冠杰 慕琦 杨金星 陈国参

摘要 采用盆栽試验探讨了不同剂量棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标及生防效果的影响。结果表明:施用SFC-3菌剂对小麦的株高和主根长度没有明显影响(P>0.05),但可提高小麦的出芽率,当施菌剂量为1.0~2.0 g/kg时小麦的出芽率显著高于对照(P<0.05);施用SFC-3菌剂小麦叶片中叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量与对照相比均显著增加(P<0.05),其中施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时最高。而小麦叶片中的MDA含量在施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时显著低于对照和其他施菌处理(P<0.05);当施菌剂量为0.5~1.0 g/kg时,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性显著高于对照,进一步增加施菌剂量,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性均随之显著降低(P<0.05)。当施菌剂量为1.5 g/kg和2.0 g/kg时每克根中小麦孢囊线虫2龄幼虫数量最少,发病级别最低,其相对防效分别为88.68%和87.04%,其次为施菌剂量1.0 g/kg的处理,其相对防效为80.50%。施用不同剂量的棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标均有不同程度的影响,并且当施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时对小麦生长和孢囊线虫的防治效果最好。

关键词 棘孢木霉; 小麦; 生理生化特性; 孢囊线虫; 生防效果

中图分类号: S 512.1

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020324

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum  SFC-3 agent on wheat physiological and biochemical characteristics and wheat cyst nematode

WANG Jiwen1,2, LI Lei1,2, LIU Yingying1, ZHEN Jing1,2, YUE Dandan1,2,LI Guanjie1,2, MU Qi1*, YANG Jinxing1, CHEN  Guocan1,2*

(1. Institute of Biology Co.Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China;

2. Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, China)

Abstract

Pot experiments were conducted to explore the effect of different dosages of Trichoderma asperellum SFC-3 on wheat physiological and biochemical indicators and biocontrol effects. The results show that the application of SFC-3 showed no effect on the plant height and main root length of wheat (P>0.05), but increased the germination rate. The treatment with 1.0-2.0 g/kg of SFC-3 showed significantly higher germination rates than the control (P<0.05). The content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in wheat leaves increased significantly in all treatments compared with that of the control (P<0.05). When treated with 1.0 g/kg of SFC-3, the wheat showed the highest content of chlorophyll and soluble protein but the lowest MDA content in the leaves (P<005). When treated with 0.5-1.0 g/kg of SFC-3, the SOD and POD activities in wheat leaves were higher than those of the control, but decreased significantly with the increase of the dose (P<0.05). Compared with other treatments, the number of second-instar larvae of wheat cyst nematode per gram of roots and the disease index was the lowest at the dosage of 1.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg, with the relative control efficacy of 88.68% and 87.04%, respectively, followed by the treatment of 1.0 g/kg with the relative control efficacy of 80.50%. These results indicate that the application of different doses of T.asperellum SFC-3 has different effects on the physiological and biochemical indexes of wheat, and the control effect on wheat growth and cyst nematodes is best at the dosage of 10 g/kg.

Key words

Trichoderma asperellum; wheat; physiological and biochemical characteristics; cyst nematode; biocontrol efficacy

小麦作为我国主要的粮食作物之一,当前主要通过各种生物学方法来改善其生理生化指标从而提高产量[1]。但是长期以来,植物病虫害一直是制约小麦生产的严重问题之一。我国为提高小麦等农作物的单位面积产量,过度依赖化肥和农药,不仅造成了土壤肥力下降,而且对生态环境造成了严重的破坏,成为制约我国农业环保、可持续发展的瓶颈。因此,研发高效的生防菌剂对于改良土壤结构,提高小麦产量,防治病虫害有重要意义。近年来,国内外开始着力研究节能环保、无污染、可持续的新型生物肥料。新型生物肥料主要有生物菌剂和生物有机肥[2]。研究证实,广泛存在于土壤中的木霉,不仅在防治植物病害中具有重要作用,而且也具有良好的促进植物生长的效果[3]。木霉对番茄[4]、豇豆[5]、小麦[6]、黄瓜[7]等植物上的病害均具有良好的防治效果。李世贵[8]在田间施用木霉菌剂,其对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果为51.79%,大幅提高了黄瓜的抗病能力。姚彦坡[9]证明哈茨木霉能有效降低马铃薯和辣椒的死苗率和病情指数,对马铃薯晚疫病和辣椒疫病防治效果明显,并且能明显降低土壤中病菌的种群数量。Zh……

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