摘要 利用延庆区玉米秸秆、蘑菇渣、芦苇和园林树枝作为原材料进行好氧发酵腐熟，混合好的腐熟物通过30%替代草炭、50%替代草炭、70%替代草炭和100%替代草炭，制成蔬菜栽培复合基质并分析其理化性质。结果表明，废弃物生产基质的安全性是有保障的;不同类型的农林废弃物腐熟的温度变化不同，但在45 d均可达到基质要求;物理性质方面，通气孔隙和持水孔隙均与草炭基质有显著差异;化学性质方面，pH属于正常范围内，养分元素（N、K、Ca、Mg）及电导率与草炭基质有不同程度的变化。

关键词 农林废弃物;堆腐;栽培基质

中图分类号 S 141.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）19-0074-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.018

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of Physicochemical Property in the Production of Cultivation Medium for Composting Agricultural and Forestry Wastes

ZHAO Yi

（Beijing Yanqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station， Beijing  102100）

Abstract Corn straw， mushroom residue， reed and garden branch in Yanqing District were adopted as raw materials for aerobic fermentation and compost maturity. Mixed maturation can produce vegetable cultivation medium and analyze its physicochemical property through 30% replaced peat， 50% replaced peat， 70% replaced peat and 100% replaced peat. The result showed that the medium produced from wastes had an ensured security. Since the maturation of different agricultural and forestry wastes might vary from each other in different temperatures， however，could meet the basic medium requirement within 45 days. In terms of its physical aspect， there was a significant effect with peat medium in ventilation and retention porosity while in its chemical aspect，pH value was still within the normal range and a different change was seen in nutrient elements like N， K， Ca and Mg and electric conductivity compared with peat medium.

Key words Agricultural and forestry wastes;Composting;Cultivation medium

作者简介 赵懿 （1980—），男，北京延庆人，高级农艺师，硕士，从事土壤肥料技术示范推广工作。

收稿日期 2021-01-18

延庆区是北京市的农业大区，常年玉米种植面积为2万hm2，近几年随着平原造林和土地整理等项目的开展，玉米播种面积下降至0.87万hm2左右[1]，随之带来了树木的增多。在农林业生产过程中会产生大量的林业和农业废弃物，这些废弃物不仅处理难而且会造成严重的面源污染[2-3]。农林废弃物中含有丰富的有机质成分和矿物质[4]，通过堆腐处理可形成优良的基质材料[5-6]，用于无土栽培。目前，基质材料已经广泛用于蔬菜育苗、花卉栽培和土壤改良以及屋顶绿化等生产过程中，这些基质的主要成分包括草炭、蛭石、珍珠巖，而草炭又是我国农林生产基质的主材料，草炭是不可再生资源，农林废弃物的腐熟物成为替代草炭生产栽培基质的最佳原料[7-11]。……