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EMS创建香蕉抗寒种质及筛选研究

2021-10-12许竹叶王安邦李羽佳王笑一魏卿许奕唐粉玲李敬阳

安徽农业科学 2021年19期

许竹叶 王安邦 李羽佳 王笑一 魏卿 许奕 唐粉玲 李敬阳

摘要 利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理“巴西蕉”无菌增殖芽,突变体通过L-羟脯氨酸(HYP)定向筛选,经低温胁迫筛选出抗性较强的突变体。利用形态观察、生理生化指标等手段鉴定突变体。结果表明,EMS诱变处理“巴西蕉”无菌增殖芽适宜的浓度和时间组合为1.5%+3 h;经HYP筛选的突变体在低温胁迫后,其叶片脯氨酸含量提高、丙二醛含量降低、过氧化物酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性增强;诱变后的表型突变主要包括叶片颜色、叶片性状和株型的变异。该研究为高效诱变香蕉提供技术参考及后期选育优良品种提供材料。

关键词 香蕉;甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS);抗寒突变体;羟脯氨酸(L-HYP)

中图分类号 S 668.1  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)19-0041-06

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.011

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Establishment and Screening of Banana Cold-resistant Germplasm by EMS

XU Zhu-ye1,2,WANG An-bang2, LI Yu-jia2 et al

(1. College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan  571101; 2. Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101)

Abstract The chemical mutagens ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were used to treat the aseptic propagation buds of Baxijiao, and then mutants were obtained through L-hydroxyproline (L-HYP) directed screening, and more resistant mutants were screened out through low temperature stress. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical indicators were used to identify mutants. The results showed that the suitable concentration and time combination for EMS mutagenesis to treat the aseptic proliferation shoots of Baxijiao was 1.5%+3 h; after low temperature stress, the mutants screened by HYP have increased proline content, decreased malondialdehyde content, increased peroxidase and catalase activities;the phenotypic mutation of surviving plants after mutation mainly included the variation of leaf color, leaf traits and plant type.This research provides technical reference for high-efficiency mutagenesis of bananas and materials for later selection of elite varieties.

Key words Banana;Ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS);Cold resistance mutant;L-hydroxyproline(HYP)

基金项目 现代农业产业体系专项资金(CARS-31-02);海南省科技廳重点研发计划(ZDYF2016054)。

作者简介 许竹叶(1994—),女,海南文昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带园艺与种苗。*通信作者,副研究员,硕士,从事作物遗传育种研究。

收稿日期 2021-04-21;修回日期 2021-06-03

香蕉是一种重要的热带水果,被世界粮农组织(FAO)认定为发展中国家仅次于水稻、玉米和小麦的第四大粮食作物(food and agriculture organization,FAO)。然而,香蕉作为一种热带作物,容易受到寒害的影响,导致栽培面积逐年减小,果实品质下降、产量降低,甚至绝收,造成严重经济损失。因此培育出高产、优质同时又具有抗寒特性的香蕉品种,对香蕉产业的可持续发展尤为重要。目前香蕉新品种选育方法有杂交育种、分子育种和诱变育种等。……

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