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论航运产业的国家援助制度及其法律规制

2021-10-08蔡莉妍

中国海商法研究 2021年3期

摘要:作为“建设海洋强国”战略的重要支柱产业,航运业在经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。伴随着全球贸易政策的不确定性和经济下行风险,航运业的发展面临诸多挑战。为了维持本国航运业的竞争优势和健康发展,针对航运产业的国家援助措施并不鲜见。从国家援助制度广泛存在于航运业的经济学基础入手,分析中国航运产业国家援助制度的发展现状、援助类型及存在的问题。构建中国航运产业国家援助制度应在厘清援助的目标价值基础上,明确合法援助措施的判定标准并完善公平竞争审查机制,将其纳入法治化运行轨道,以实现国家援助对航运业的积极促进作用。

关键词:航运产业;国家援助;法律规制

中图分类号:D922.294文献标志码:A

文章编号:2096-028X(2021)03-0061-08

Legal regulation of state aid for shipping industry

CAI Li-yan

(College of Marine Culture and Law,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

Abstract:As an important pillar industry of the strategy of “building a maritime power”, the shipping industry plays an important role in the economic developmet. With the uncertainty of global trade policy and the risk of economic downturn, the development of shipping industry is facing many challenges. In order to maintain the competitive advantage and healthy development of shipping industry, the state aid measures for shipping industry are not uncommon. Starting from the economic basis of the widespread existence of the state aid in the shipping industry, this paper analyzes the development status, types and problems of the state aid system in Chinas shipping industry. To construct the state aid system of Chinas shipping industry, we should specify the target value of the aid, clarify the criteria of legal aid measures, improve the fair competition review mechanism, and bring it into the legal operation track, so as to realize the positive role of state aid in promoting the shipping industry.

Key words:shipping industry;state aid;legal regulation

近年来,全球经济环境复杂多变,航运业在复苏的路上艰难爬坡。除了需要承受传统的负向因素,如全球气候环境、海员短缺等带来的下拉力,受新冠肺炎疫情影响,全球性企业停工形成的中长期经济萧条,加剧了世界性需求萎靡以及贸易保护主义,在未来较长时间内将对航运业形成明显的冲击,并通过产业关联和传递效应波及整个航运上下游产业链。为了维持航运业的良性发展,全球多个国家及地区纷纷出台航运扶持措施。2018年1月,新加坡制定33.9亿美元海洋运输业转型发展规划,旨在保障新加坡未来全球航运枢纽地位。2019年12月,欧盟批准了5个国家(塞浦路斯、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、波兰和瑞典)的航运援助计划,通过实行吨位税和海员发展计划,提高欧盟航运企业的全球竞争力。……

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