吴煦 孔德兵

摘要：近年来，国内邮轮旅游发展快速，邮轮旅游事故引发的民事纠纷也相应增多，然而，对于邮轮公司对旅客人身伤亡及其赔偿责任限制的问题，理论上存在较大分歧，司法适用中仍存在不确定性。针对中国邮轮旅游的包销模式现状，以类型结合合同为视角，将邮轮合同定性为混合合同进而适用法律，并参考关系契约理论和现行法律规定，对邮轮公司作为事实承运人享有《中华人民共和国海商法》下承运人单位赔偿责任限制的权利进行全面详细的论述。同时从保护处于弱势地位的旅客角度出发，建议进一步明确邮轮公司丧失赔偿责任限制权利的情形，提高承运人赔偿责任限额。

关键词：邮轮合同;关系契约理论;旅客人身伤亡;赔偿责任限制

中图分类号：D996.19文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2021）03-0053-08

Limitation of the cruise lines liability

for loss of life or personal injury to passengers

—from the perspective of type combined contract

WU Xu，KONG De-bing

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026，China）

Abstract：In recent years， the domestic cruise tourism has developed rapidly， and civil disputes caused by cruise tourism accidents have increased correspondingly. However， there are still great differences in theory and uncertainty in judicial application on the issue of the cruise lines limitation of liability for passenger casualties. In view of the current situation of the underwriting mode of cruise tourism in China， from the perspective of the type-combined contract， the cruise contract is defined as a mixed contract before the law is applied. Referring to the theory of relational contract and current legal provisions， a comprehensive and detailed discussion that the cruise line， as a de facto carrier， has the right to limit the liability under the Chinese Maritime Code is made. At the same time， from the perspective of protecting passengers in a disadvantaged position， it is recommended to further clarify the circumstances under which the cruise line loses its right to limit liability and increase the carriers liability limit.

Key words：cruise contract; relational contract theory; passenger casualties; limitation of liability

近年来，随着中国邮轮旅游产业快速发展，邮轮旅游事故引发的民事纠纷也相应增多，其中邮轮旅客人身损害纠纷因关涉旅客生命安全引起广泛关注。在羊某某诉英国嘉年华邮轮有限公司人身损害责任纠纷案（简称羊某某案）、蒋某某诉皇家加勒比RCL邮轮有限公司人身损害责任纠纷案等典型案件中均涉及邮轮公司的赔偿责任限制。因此，如何理解邮轮合同的性质、如何确定邮轮公司的法律地位、邮轮公司在承担邮轮旅客人身伤亡责任时能否享有法律规定的赔偿责任限制等问题都需要加以明确，这对公平妥善处理邮轮旅客人身损害责任纠纷案件具有重要意义。……