马红丽 徐长英 杨新鸣

摘要 决策树因其形状像树且又能用于决策故被称为决策树，是通过机器学习，从一系列无秩序、无规则的逻辑关系中推理出一套分层规则，将结局按照概率分布的树形图表达，从而进行精确预测或正确分类。现系统综述了决策树在中医药领域的应用现状，发现决策树在疾病风险评估、中医病证的诊断、辨证分型、中药药性或不良反应的预测、证候与理化指标的关联、预后评估和成本-效果分析等方面均有所应用，且其分类和预测结果较为准确，值得今后进一步研究并推广应用。

关键词 决策树;数据挖掘;机器学习;中医药;预测模型;树形图;分类;风险评估

Application Status of Decision Tree in Traditional Chinese Medicine

MA Hongli1，XU Changying2，YANG Xinming1

（1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine，Harbin 150040，China; 2 Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine，Harbin 150040，China）

Abstract A decision tree is called this name because it is shaped like a tree and it can be used for decision-making.It is a set of hierarchical rules inferred from a series of disordered and irregular logical relations by machine learning，and the outcomes are expressed according to the tree graph of probability distribution，so as to accurately predict or correctly classify.This paper systematically summarizes the present situation of the application of decision tree in the field of traditional Chinese medicine，and found that the decision tree in used in disease risk assessment，diagnosis of TCM diseases and syndromes，syndrome differentiation of TCM，the prediction of Chinese medicinal properties or adverse reactions，syndrome differentiation associated with physical and chemical indicators，prognostic evaluation and cost effect analysis and so on.The classification and prediction results by decision tree are more accurate，and is worth for further research and application in the future.

Keywords Decision tree; Data mining; Machine learning; Traditional Chinese medicine; Prediction model; Tree diagram; Classification; Risk assessment

中图分类号：R241文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.17.025

我国中医药资源丰富，历史悠久，但随着“大数据”时代的到来，多数中医药数据仍在“沉睡”阶段，目前传统数据处理模式已无法适应“大数据”时代的要求。如何高效准确地从这些大规模数据中获取有价值的新鲜知识将为中医药领域带来前所未有的机遇和挑战，借助大数据的发展推动并促进中医药领域临床和科研的发展，可能会给中医药领域带来重要的革命性变化[1]。目前，决策树作为一种机器学习方法已经开始应用于商业、金融、教育等各领域，其分析和预测结果在各领域中都取得了令人瞩目的成效。近年来，有学者将决策树应用于医学领域，根据患者的临床特征和各项指标等来预测疾病的发生、发展及预后，或进行疾病的诊断及用药配伍，具有重要指导意义。……