巴特尔

摘要：肉牛养殖是内蒙古鄂温克旗的重要产业，但在长期养殖中，很多农牧民不注重本地优质肉牛种质资源的保存，肉牛的生产性能，尤其是繁殖肉牛的生产性能呈现下降趋势，生产出来的后代适应能力较差，养殖周期变长，饲料利用率显著下降，不利于提高养殖效益，需要加快繁殖肉牛的品种改良，提高生产性能，为肉牛高产、稳产奠定基础。肉牛品种改良过程中，冻精配种技术是应用最多的一种，该技术的专业性和技术性很强，能够产生较高的经济效益。笔者结合实际工作经验，对影响冻精配种技术效果的因素进行了深入探讨，并提出了改进措施。

关键词：肉牛;品种改良;冻精配种技术

中图分类号：S823文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.22.008

Factors Affecting the Breeding Technique of Frozen Semen in the Improvement of Beef Cattle and Improvement Measures Bateer

（Huasumu Comprehensive Guaranteeand Technology Promotion CenterofEwenki Autonomous Banner，

Hulunbuir Inner Mongolia 021112，China）

Abstract：Beef cattle is the pillar industry in ewenke banner，Inner Mongolia，but in the long-term breeding，many farmers and herdsmen do not pay attention to the preservation of local high-quality beef cattle germplasm resources，and the production performance of beef cattle，especially the production performance of breeding beef cattle，shows a downward trend，therefore，it is necessary to speed up the breed improvement of beef cattle to improve the production performance of beef cattle，because the adaptability of the offspring produced is poor，the breeding period becomes longer，and the feed utilization ratio decreases significantly，which is not conducive to improving the breeding efficiency，lay a foundation for high and stable yield of beef cattle. In the process of beef cattle breed improvement，frozen semen breeding technology is one of the most widely used，which is highly professional and technical，and can produce high economic benefits. Combined with the practical work experience，the factors affecting the effect of frozen semen breeding technology were discussed in depth，and the improvement measures were put forward.

Keywords：beef cattle，breed improvement，frozen semen breeding technology

0引言

凍精配种技术又称人工授精技术，它是借助人工的辅助，将冷冻处理的精液回温处理后注入到繁殖母牛子宫中的一种先进的配种技术。冻精配种技术在牲畜品种改良领域有着广泛的应用，它能在短时间内提升优质种公牛基因的覆盖率，实现对肉牛品种的快速改良，使得生产出来的后代生长速度更快、肉质品质更佳、产肉率更高，有效缓解传统肉牛养殖过程中牛肉品质不良等多种缺陷。由于冷冻精液配种技术在应用过程中具有较强的专业性，操作过程中易受多方面因素的影响，造成受胎率显著下降，不利于提高肉牛改良的成效，因此需要对制约因素进行全面地分析，建立针对性的技术方案，确保冻精配种技术能够在广大基层地区得以有效地推广和应用。……