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可增强太阳能蒸发器效能的纤维素基材料研究进展

2021-09-21胡娜徐永建任光荣王建

中国造纸 2021年12期

胡娜 徐永建 任光荣 王建

摘要:淡水资源紧缺是人类面临的最严峻的问题之一,利用太阳能蒸发器获取淡水被认为是缓解水资源紧缺的有效手段。纤维素基材料具有良好的生物相容性、可再生性和可持续性,可发展其在太阳能蒸发器领域的应用。本文主要介绍了近几年纤维素基气凝胶、纤维素纸和原生态植物作为太阳能蒸发器基材的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了讨论。

关键词:太阳能蒸发器;纤维素;气凝胶;原生态植物

中图分类号:TS71   文献标识码:A    DOI:10.11980/j. issn.0254-508X.2021.12.015

Advanced Research Progress in Cellulose-based Materials Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Steam Generation

HU Na1   XU Yongjian1,*   REN Guangrong2   WANG Jian1

(1. College ofBioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi Province Key Lab ofPapermaking Technology and Specialty PaperDevelopment,National Demonstration Centerfor Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,Key Lab ofPaper Based FunvtionalMaterials of China National Light Industry,Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,Xian,Shaanxi Province,710021;2. Dongguan Jintian Paper Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan,Guangdong Province,523052)

(*E-mail :xuyongjian@sust. edu. cn)

Abstract: Fresh water scarcity is one of the most threatening issues for sustainable development . Solar steam generation,which harnesses the abundant sunlight,has been recognized as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water . Cellulose-based materials,owing to their bio? compatibility,renewability and sustainability,are highly attractive for realizing solar steam generators . Research progress of cellulose-based aerogels,paper and native plants as substrates for solar evaporators is reviewed,and the development prospect is also discussed .

Key words :solar steam generation;cellulose;aerogel;native plants

近年来,淡水资源紧缺已经成为人类面临的最严重的危机之一,海水淡化技术被认为是缓解淡水资源紧缺的有效手段[1-3]。太阳能海水淡化技术可以利用绿色清洁、丰富可持续的太阳能获得淡水,太阳能蒸发器是能够实现利用太阳能分离水和杂质一种装置,是目前的研究热点[4-7]。纤维素是最丰富的天然高分子化合物,主要来源于陆生植物,还有一些来源于海洋生物和细菌菌落等,是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生资源[8-10]。纤维素具有良好的亲水性和极低的热导率,作为太阳能蒸发器基材的纤维素基材料可为水的运输提供足够的亲水性和通道,同时具有显著的隔热作用,使太阳能转化的热能集中在蒸发面,有利于水的蒸发。因此这类材料在太阳能蒸发器领域得到了广泛应用[7, 11-13]。以纤维素为原材料,制备具有纳米/微孔结构材料,进一步改善提高水运输能力,并且多孔结构内部孔隙可以增加光反射和散射从而增强光热转化材料的光吸收性能[14-15]。……

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