间作、套种模式在中药材栽培中的效应研究进展
2021-09-17何雅祺王鑫鑫张弛张瑞芳林智慧王红
何雅祺 王鑫鑫 张 弛 张瑞芳 林智慧 王红

摘要: 在日益扩大的中药材规模化种植过程中,中药材的连作问题日益突出,打破了土壤微生态环境的平衡。近年来,采用间作、套种模式是有效的解决方式之一。本文主要阐述了间作、套种在中药材种植中的研究进展,为提高中药材的产量和品质提供参考和借鉴,并展望了中药材种植的未来研究方向。
关键词: 中药材;间作;套种;土壤微生态环境;连作
中图分类号: S567 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)04-1077-07
Research progress on the effects of intercropping and interplanting modes in the Cultivation of chinese medicinal materials
HE Ya-qi 1, WANG Xin-xin2,3,4, ZHANG Chi2,3,4, ZHANG Rui-fang2,3,4, LIN Zhi-hui5, WANG Hong2,3,4
(1.College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;2.Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of National North Mountainous Area, Baoding 071001, China;3.Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China;4.Hebei Mountain Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;5.Yixian Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Baoding 074200, China)
Abstract: In the growing process of large-scale planting, the problem of continuous cropping of Chinese medicinal materials has become increasingly prominent. It breaks the balance of the soil micro-ecological environment. In recent years, the intercropping mode and interplanting mode are the effective solutions. This article mainly described the research progress on the effects of intercropping and interplanting in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, which could provide references for improving the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. In addition, the future research direction of Chinese medicinal materials cultivation was prospected.
Key words: Chinese medicinal materials;intercropping;interplanting;soil micro-ecological environment;continuous cropping
中药是中国特有的药物,是在中国传统医药理论的指导下采集、炮制、制剂的药物。中药资源是中国重要的医药业物质基础,用于防治疾病和康复保健,推动了健康服务业的快速发展。中药主要来源于天然药及其加工品,包括植物药、动物药、矿物药及部分化学、生物制品类药物。由于中药以植物药居多,故有“诸药以草为本”的说法。中国药用植物栽培历史悠久,李时珍撰写的 《本草纲目》一书很早就指出各类不同中药材种植的时间和栽培时的注意事项等。
中药材的种植離不开土壤,《神农本草经》中提出的“土地所出,真伪新陈,并各有法”,就是强调中药材的品质和产地土壤相关联的证明[1]。中药材种类繁多,但真正用于商品领域的只有1 000种左右[2-3],目前对于中药材的研究多集中在产区的气候和土壤理化性质上[4-9],关于土壤微环境对中药材的影响的研究很少。中药材的单一种植模式破坏了土壤微环境的平衡,降低了微环境中有益微生物的多样性和活性。……
