周娜 马红坤 毛世平

摘要： 实现乡村全面振兴和农业农村现代化，科技是根本性、决定性的力量。为了给中国的农业科技体制改革提供经验，本文在创新生态系统视角下，梳理总结了澳大利亚以用户导向为核心的农业科技创新体制改革经验：在创新需求方面，农业科技从研究导向到用户导向，研究优先项目覆盖多层次、多方面的农业科技需求;在创新环境方面，建立行业和政府共同投资制度，通过农业研究和发展公司（RDC）制订农业科技研发规划和优先项目，促进农业科技成果转化;动态监测农业研究和发展公司运行绩效，运营信息公开透明;法律体系完备，知识产权保护力度强，形成了具有动态性、生长性、开放性的农业科技创新生态系统。在此基础上，结合目前中国农业科技创新体制存在的问题，提出对中国的启示：塑造系統观念，指引角色转换和行为变革;提升农业生产者的组织化程度，助推小农户采纳现代科技成果;建立区域性和全国性的农业行业科技中心，构建“产学研用”相结合的农业科技创新生态系统。

关键词：澳大利亚;农业科技创新;创新生态系统

中图分类号： S-01   文献标识码： A   文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）04-1064-07

Reform of Australian agricultural science and technology management system and its enlightenment from the perspective of innovation ecosystem

ZHOU Na， MA Hong-kun， MAO Shi-ping

（Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： Science and technology are the fundamental and decisive force to realize the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In order to provide experience for China′s agricultural science and technology system reform， Australia′s user-oriented agricultural science and technology innovation system reform experience was summarized from the perspective of the innovation ecosystem. In terms of innovation needs， agricultural science and technology has changed from research orientation to user orientation. The research priorities cover multi-level and multi-faceted agricultural science and technology needs. In terms of the innovation environment， a joint investment system between industry and government was established， and the industrial science and technology research and development planning and research priorities were formulated by rural development corporations （RDC） to promote the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements. The operation performance of rural development corporations was dynamically monitored， and the information was transparent. The legal system was complete and intellectual property protection was strong， so a dynamic， growing and open agricultural science and technology innovation ecosystem was formed. On this basis， combined with the existing problems of Chinese agricultural science and technology innovation system， we put forward enlightenments to China： shaping system concepts， guiding role transformation and behavioral changes， enhancing the organization degree of agricultural producers， helping small farmers to adopt modern scientific and technological achievements， establishing regional and national agricultural science and technology centers， and building an agricultural science and technology innovation ecosystem combining production， education， research and application.

Key words： Australia;agricultural science and technology innovation;innovation ecosystem

建设创新型国家和世界科技强国的目标要求中国实施科技创新和体制创新双轮驱动。2015年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《深化科技体制改革实施方案》以及2016年农业农村部发布《关于深化农业科技体制机制改革加快实施创新驱动发展战略的意见》指出，要加快农业科技创新体制改革。……