翁飞龙 张强强 霍学喜

摘要： 基于陕西、山东苹果主产省1 069个苹果种植户的调研数据，运用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）实证分析了土地流转的收入效应，并运用中介效应模型检验其内在机制。结果表明，土地流转具有显著的增收效应，土地转入对农户家庭人均纯收入的提升作用高于土地转出，其中土地转入通过刺激农业生产性投资促进农户增收，土地转出则通过增加非农就业、自主创业促进农户增收。此外，土地转入仅对苹果种植规模为0.34～0.67 hm2的农户家庭人均纯收入具有显著的促进作用。基于研究结论，提出了加快土地流转市场建设，发挥新型农业经营主体的带头作用，完善就业服务体系，鼓励并支持农民自主创业，重视土地适度规模经营等建议。

关键词： 土地流转;农民收入;苹果种植户;倾向得分匹配法（PSM）

中图分类号： F321.1;F323.8   文献标识码： A   文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）04-1051-07

Analysis on income effect of professional apple growers in farmland transfer

WENG Fei-long， ZHANG Qiang-qiang， HUO Xue-xi

（Center of Western Rural Development/College of Economics and Management， Northwest A & F University， Yangling 712100， China）

Abstract： Based on the research data of 1 069 apple households in the main producing provinces of apples like Shaanxi and Shandong， the income effect of farmland transfer was empirically analyzed using propensity score matching （PSM） method， and intermediary effect model was used to test its internal mechanism. The results showed that， farmland transfer had significant effect of income increase. The promoting function of farmland renting-in on per capita net income of peasant household was higher than the promoting function of farmland renting-out. The farmland renting-in mode promoted the farmers income increase by stimulating agricultural productive investment， and the farmland renting-out mode promoted the increase of farmers income by increasing non-agricultural employment and independent entrepreneurship. In addition， the farmland renting-in mode only had significant effect on increasing per capita net income of peasant households with the apple planting scale of 0.34-0.67 hm2. Based on the research conclusions， suggestions were put forward on accelerating the construction of farmland transfer market， giving play to the leading role of new agricultural business entities， completing the employment service system， encouraging and supporting farmers to start their own businesses and attaching importance to appropriate scale operation of farmland.

Key words： farmland transfer;farmers income;professional apple growers;propensity score matching（PSM） method

“三農”问题的核心在于促进农民增收[1]。然而，现阶段小农户经营制度存在土地细碎化、经营规模过小等问题，造成巨大的效率损失，抑制农户增收[2]。为克服现有经营制度弊端，更好地促进农户增收，中央启动“三权分置”方案以引导土地有序流转[3]。此外，未来农业发展的主力军将是以专业大户、家庭农场等为代表的新型农业经营主体[4]。在此背景下，以苹果种植户为研究对象，探讨土地流转的收入效应及当前土地流转政策的合理性，以及如何更好地促进农民增收具有重要的理论与现实意义。

关于土地流转对农户收入的影响研究，有学者认为，虽然中国土地流转市场发展迅速，但并非在充分发挥农村劳动力比较优势的前提下进行的，因而会降低农户收入[5-6]。……