南宋林光世营治潮州西湖的公共性分析
2021-09-15林广臻陆琦林颖
林广臻 陆琦 林颖


摘要:南宋开庆年间,潮州知州林光世组织了一次针对潮州西湖的风景营治。通过运用历史文献分析法,详细探讨了林光世营治潮州西湖的目的、建设内容、管理工具、管理机构、管理程序和建设制度等相关内容。林光世营治潮州西湖过程中所呈现的工程量计算、工程预算管理、浚湖卫城局、工程审批、田亩征用、财政支付、勒石公示等相关内容,都深刻反映了古代公共管理在州府园林营治中的作用。进而认为,包括潮州西湖在内的州府园林的营治,得到了古代州府城市在公共管理上的支持。这种公共管理的介入,是古代州府园林公共性特征的一种表现。
关键词:州府城市;林光世;潮州西湖;公共性;古典公共园林
中图分类号:TU986
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)04-0053-05
收稿日期:2021-02-26
修回日期:2021-04-07
Abstract: During the years of Kaiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin Guangshi, the prefect of Chaozhou, conducted a landscape development of the Chaozhou West Lake. Through the analysis of historic literatures, this paper discusses several aspects of the development of Chaozhou West Lake by Lin Guangshi in details, namely intentions, contents, managerial tools, administrative authorities, management process and institutions. The development process demonstrates calculation methods of construction quantities, management of construction budget, Lake Dredging and City Protection Authority, project authorization, farmland requisitions, fiscal expenditure, and promulgation on stone tablets, which indicate the effect of public administration in the development of classical municipal landscape. The paper further concludes that, taking Chaozhou West Lake as an example, municipal landscape has received support from the public administrations of ancient state capitals. The involvement of public administrations implies the publicity of ancient classical municipal landscape.
Key words: State capital; Lin Guangshi; Chaozhou West Lake; Publicity; Classic public gardens
我国古典园林是否存在公共园林的发展形式,虽然目前还尚未有相对统一的结论,但一直是园林史研究的前沿领域。周维权先生虽指出清代公共园林营造的3种形式,但仅作举例说明,并未对古典公共园林的概念本身展开完整论述[1]。
古典园林中关于私家园林、皇家园林的分类,实际都是基于权属。由于权属关系有公私之分,从这个角度理解,皇家园林也是一种私属于皇室的园林形式。因此可以在逻辑上进行简单推断:“公共”的概念是相对于“私人”而存在的,既然古代中国存在私家园林,那么对应也会存在公共园林形式。此外,园林的公共性和公共园林是两个层次的概念,具有公共性质的园林未必是公共园林。……
