运河影响下的常州古城景观体系研究
2021-09-15徐昕昕林箐
徐昕昕 林箐



摘要:常州自古便是江南地区水陆交通的枢纽,其城市发展与运河息息相关。以常州古城为研究对象,首先梳理其从先秦到清末古代城市的发展演变与同时期运河的变迁,探究两者之间的关联。接着以清末为时间节点,从自然山水要素、人工营建要素和意向空间要素等不同要素入手,归纳了清末常州古城景观体系在“天心十道”的节点布局、“七厢三街”的功能分区和功能复合的水利系统三个方面的特征。最后探討了特征背后的深层次驱动因素,分别是因水而兴的驱动因素,城水之间的相互作用和传统人居理念。
关键词:风景园林;常州古城;城市规划;景观体系
中图分类号:TU986
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)04-0041-06
收稿日期:2021-03-11
修回日期:2021-04-14
Abstract: Changzhou has been a hub of land and water transportation in the Jiangnan region since ancient times, and its urban development is closely related to the canal. Taking the ancient city of Changzhou as the research object, firstly, this article analyzes and combs the development and evolution of ancient urban planning from the pre-Qin to the end of Qing Dynasty and the changes of the canal in the same period, and explores the relationship between the canal and the city. Then, taking the late Qing Dynasty as the time node, starting from different elements such as natural landscape elements, artificial construction elements, and intentional space elements, the three characteristics of the ancient city landscape system of Changzhou in the late Qing Dynasty are summarized : the node layout of "Ten Hearts and Ten Paths", the functional zoning of "seven compartments and three streets" and the water conservancy system with multiple functions. Finally, the deep-level driving factors behind the characteristics are discussed, which are the driving factors that thrive due to water, the interaction between urban water and the traditional human settlement concept.
Key words: Landscape architecture; Changzhou ancient city; Urban planning; Landscape system
1研究背景
景观体系一般指由一系列实体要素形成的,具有视觉整体性的系统,以及实体要素之间的组织关系[1]。由于生存、生产和审美,人类在营建聚落的过程中开始对自然进行持续不断的改造。这种改造构建了适于人类栖居,而又具有明显地域差异的城市景观体系。关于城市景观体系,不同学者的研究侧重不同:王云才、郑曦等学者在研究区域景观体系时,注重总结归纳城市与区域的一体化特征,强调“城-郊”的互动关系[2~3];张雪葳提出了“山水风景体系”,重点研究古代城市与自然的关系,以及在具体生产、生活需求与文化影响下,人对自然的认识与改造[4];李恒在对都江堰的研究中提出了由焦点、骨架、边界、基底和境域五大要素组成的城市景观体系,对此后的古代城市景观体系研究具有重要的指导作用[5]。……
