陈华伟

摘要： 现代航运市场主流船舶通常选用高增压中速筒状活塞四冲程柴油机为船舶电站原动机或作为主推进系统原动机。随着电力推进系统在新建船舶所占份额的增加，四冲程中速柴油机船舶动力市场的份额逐年增长。中速柴油机和低速柴油机相比较具有更高的机械负荷和热负荷，对其各个构件、系统提出了更高的要求。四冲程中速柴油机的润滑油系统直接影响到柴油机自身的各项性能指标、工作稳定性和安全性。日常维护中注重滑油管理，对提高柴油机使用寿命和降低滑油成本有着显著的成效。

Abstract： Mainstream ships in the modern shipping market usually choose high-pressurized medium-speed cylindrical piston four-stroke diesel engines as the prime movers of marine power stations or as the prime movers of the main propulsion system. With the increase in the share of electric propulsion systems in newly built ships， the market share of four-stroke medium-speed diesel engine ship power has increased year by year. Compared with low-speed diesel engines， medium-speed diesel engines have higher mechanical and thermal loads， and higher requirements are put forward for their various components and systems. The lubricating oil system of a four-stroke medium-speed diesel engine directly affects various performance indicators， working stability and safety of the diesel engine itself. Pay attention to lubricating oil management in daily maintenance， which has significant effects on improving the service life of diesel engines and reducing lubricating oil costs.

關键词： 船舶柴油机;滑油;稳定性;操作管理

Key words： marine diesel engine;lubricating oil;stability;operation management

中图分类号：U664.121.3                 文献标识码：A                文章编号：1674-957X（2021）17-0074-02

0  引言

船用中速四冲程柴油机润滑油系统的功能和所有的往复式内燃机相同，在机器运转时连续地把足量的洁净润滑油输送到所有传动副的摩擦表面之间，在活塞环槽、活塞环与气缸套等部位形成边界润滑和密封燃烧室;在活塞销与活塞销衬套，曲轴与连杆瓦、主轴瓦、凸轮轴及轴衬套等部位形成连续油膜，实现液体摩擦，减小运动阻力;通过连杆油道进入活塞，形成振荡冷却，带走活塞顶部的热量;将各机构产生的磨损碎屑以及积碳颗粒带回滑油油底壳，以保证柴油机工作的可靠性和持久性。润滑油系统常发生的故障有压力偏高或偏低、温度过高、润滑油耗量异常增加等。中速柴油机的润滑油系统发生故障会引起摩擦副之间得不到充分的润滑而过热，运动构件磨损加剧，严重时会发生抱轴、滑瓦等机损事故，由烧瓦导致的曲柄箱爆炸引发的船舶火灾和人员伤亡事故也屡见不鲜。……