代亚萍 邓凯波 周伟 李积华 曹玉坡

摘  要：本研究利用太阳能辅助热泵技术干燥栀子果，采用7种干燥模型对干燥特性实验数据进行非线性回归拟合求解，探讨在装载密度、干燥温度和物料厚度为条件因素下栀子果太阳能-热泵联合干燥过程中水分变化规律，确定最优干燥模型。结果表明：随着装载密度的增加，栀子果干燥时间逐渐增加，干燥速率呈先增后减的趋势;不同干燥温度和物料厚度对栀子果干燥速率有显著性影响。Verma模型较适用于描述栀子果在太阳能-热泵联合干燥过程中的水分变化规律，模型中R2拟合值最大可达0.9998，误差平方和（SSE）变化范围为0.0001～0.0088，方误差的根（RMSE）为0.0024～0.3161。研究结果为开发高效节能、营养丰富的干燥栀子果提供关键技术支持。

关键词：栀子果;太阳能-热泵联合干燥;干燥特性;动力学

Abstract： In this study， a solar assisted heat pump drying technology was used to dry the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Seven kinds of drying models were used to solve the experimental data of drying characteristics to explore the moisture change of fruit of G. jasminoides Ellis during solar assisted heat pump drying under the conditions of loading density， drying temperature and material thickness， and determine coefficients of models by nonlinear regression. With the increase of loading density， the drying time of fruit of G. jasminoides Ellis increased gradually， and the drying rate increased first and then decreased. Different drying temperature and material thickness had significant influence on the drying rate of fruit of G. jasminoides Ellis. Verma Model is suitable for describing the moisture variation of fruit of G. jasminoides Ellis during the solar assisted heat pump drying. The maximum fitting value of R2 in the model could reach 0.9998， lower square sum of error （SSE） value was 0.0001 to 0.0088， and root mean square error （RMSE） value was 0.0024 to 0.3161. The research would provide technical support for the development of high-efficiency， energy-saving and nutrient rich dried the fruit of G. jasminoides Ellis.

Keywords： fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; solar assisted heat pump drying; drying characteristics; kinetics

梔子（Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.）是茜草科栀子属常绿灌木，又名山栀子、黄栀子等，为常用中药，性寒味苦，无毒，主归心、肺、三焦经，具有泻火除烦、清热利尿、凉血解毒等功效[1]，我国主要分布于福建、浙江、江西、贵州、台湾等地[2]。栀子果实中含有的化学成分具有利胆、抗炎、镇痛、降压、抗病毒等药理作用[3]。栀子黄色素是从栀子果实中提取的黄色素，其主要成分是类胡萝卜素的α-藏花素和藏花酸，是世界上唯一存在的水溶性类胡萝卜素，主要用于着色和调味品，具有着色力强、安全性好、营养价值高、原材料来源广泛等优点[4-5]。栀子种子中提取的栀子油，作为一种良好的营养物质，其粘度相对较低、具有较好的氧化稳定性，富含有亚油酸，占栀子果实质量12%以上[6]。……