黎书会 吴疆翀 贺思腾 孙恒 郑益兴 张燕平 张体坤 刘剑金 童清 唐红燕 孙启涛

摘  要：為了以环保的方式提高桉树皮的利用价值，利用微生物腐熟发酵，使其成为理化性质与泥炭土相似的有机基质。通过培育经济植物辣木、青花、生菜、番茄、烟草和生石花，探讨桉树皮原料基质的育苗效果。研究不同腐熟程度桉树皮的主要养分含量，以及复配不同比例珍珠岩（10%、20%、30%）对6种供试植物种子发芽率，苗期株高、冠幅和地径的影响。结果表明：腐熟60 d的桉树皮内速效氮磷钾的含量都高于泥炭土，且6种供试植物的生长量都显著高于生料（未经腐熟）与腐熟40 d的桉树皮（P<0.05）。其中腐熟60 d的桉树皮作为基质培育青花、番茄与生菜的效果均优于对照泥炭土，并以复配30%珍珠岩的效果为佳。而生石花的发芽率，以及辣木和烟草的生长量显著低于泥炭土（P<0.05），推测其受桉树内源生长抑制物的影响。研究结果表明腐熟60 d的桉树皮可作为基质代替泥炭土适用于青花、生菜和番茄育苗。而桉树皮腐熟程度与抑制物含量的关系，以及在辣木、烟草与生石花等抑制物耐受性较低植物上的应用，还有待进一步研究。

关键词：桉树皮;经济植物;抑制物;育苗效果

Abstract： In order to improve the utilization value of Eucalyptus bark in an environmentally friendly way， microorganisms are used to decompose it and make it become an organic substrate with physical and chemical properties similar to peat moss. Through cultivating the economic plants Moringa oleifera， broccoli， lettuce， tomato， tobacco and lithops， the seedling effect of Eucalyptus bark as the raw material for substrate was discussed.. The main nutrient contents of Eucalyptus bark with different maturity and the effects of Eucalyptus bark substrate with different proportions of perlite （10%， 20% and 30%） on seed germination rate， seedling height， crown diameter and ground diameter of six tested plants were studied. The content of available N， P and K in Eucalyptus bark decomposed for 60 days was higher than that in peat moss. The growth of six tested plants at seedling stage in Eucalyptus bark decomposed for 60 days were significantly higher than that in raw and 40 days decomposed Eucalyptus bark （P<0.05）. Moreover， the effect of Eucalyptus bark as the substrate decomposed for 60 days used to cultivate broccoli， tomato and lettuce was better than that of the control peat moss， and Eucalyptus bark decomposed for 60 days with 30% perlite was the best. However， the germination rate of lithops and the growth of M. oleifera and tobacco were significantly lower than those in peat moss （P<0.05）， which was speculated to be influenced by the endogenous growth inhibitors of Eucalyptus. It is suggested that Eucalyptus bark which was decomposed for 60 days could be used as the substrate instead of peat moss， which was suitable for growing seedlings of broccoli， lettuce and tomato. Nevertheless， the relationship between the maturity of Eucalyptus bark and the inhibitor content， and the application of Eucalyptus bark to plants with low tolerance to inhibitors such as M. oleifera， tobacco and lithops requires further study.

Keywords： Eucalyptus bark; economic plants; inhibitors; nursery effect

近年来，轻型有机育苗基质促进了农林业育苗由自然种植方式向工业化生产方式转化，显著增进了植株的商品化。传统育苗基质泥炭土因其质轻并含有丰富的腐殖质，育苗效果佳，因而市场需求一度旺盛。但其天然不可再生，属于非环保型基质，大量开采泥炭土是对地球之肾——湿地环境的破坏[1-3]。而林产加工剩余物价格低廉、材料广泛、理化性质稳定，可作为规模化加工有机育苗基质的原料。桉树速生成材、轮伐期短，已成为我国南方地区重要的速生用材树种[4-6]。但随着大面积營造桉树人工林，桉树内源抑制物随树体枯落物释放至土壤，对林下许多植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长产生了抑制作用[7-11]。由于较难以环保方式加以利用，每年加工桉树木材产生的大量树皮木屑多被烧掉，造成大气污染;或自然堆弃分解形成仅剩无机质的灰分，失去利用价值，其生态问题日益得到重视[12]。……