毛花马铃苣苔及黄花马铃苣苔的形态补充描述
2021-09-14叶康



摘 要:马铃苣苔属植物花部形态是该属的属下划分及种间界定的关键性状,基于野外实地调查、标本采集及花部形态、结构的解剖、摄影,并对照模式标本,分别对毛花马铃苣苔和黄花马铃苣苔进行了形态补充描述,明确了毛花马铃苣苔花冠斜钟状,两侧对称,檐部上唇2裂片边缘具2.0~3.0 mm宽的橙红色带,其余部分鹅黄色,下唇3裂片橙红色,喉部及筒部鹅黄色,具有1枚退化雄蕊,蒴果线形、近圆柱状或稍具4棱;黄花马铃苣苔花冠钟状筒形,近辐射对称,外面橙红色,内面喉部以上橙红色,喉部以下灰白色,花盘高约1 mm,可育雄蕊4枚,偶见3枚,退化雄蕊1枚,偶见2枚。
关键词:植物形态学;苦苣苔科;花部形态;解剖结构;海南岛
Abstract: Foral morphology is a key character for subgeneric and interspecific delimitation of Oreocharis Benth. Through field investigation, specimen collection, anatomy and photography of flower morphology and structure, and comparing with the type specimens, revisions were carried out respectively for O. dasyantha W. Y. Chun and O. flavida Merrill. The main supplementary description of the former was corolla obliquely campanulate, bisymmetry, adaxial lip shallowly 2–lobed, lobes margins 2.0-3.0 mm orange–red and other yellow, abaxial lip 3–lobed, lobes orange–red, throat and tube yellow, staminode 1, capsule subterete or 4–angled, and that for the latter was corolla campanulate, nearly actinomorphy, orange–red outside, orange–red above throat and pale below the throat inside, disc ca.1.0 mm, stamens 4, occasionally 3, staminode 1, occasionally 2.
Keywords: phytomorphology; Gesneriaceae; floral morphology; anatomic; Hainan Island
我国苦苣苔科资源丰富,约有45属至少773种(含变种)以上[1]。马铃苣苔属是近年苦苣苔科中研究的一个热点,不断有新种被发现的报道[2-25]。此外,分子证据显示短檐苣苔属(Tremacron Craib)、直瓣苣苔属(Ancylostemon Craib)、四数苣苔属(Bournea Oliv.)、粗筒苣苔属(Briggsia Craib)、瑶山苣苔属(Dayaoshania W. T. Wang)、全唇苣苔属(Deinocheilos W. T. Wang)、辐花苣苔属(Thamnocharis W. T. Wang)、金盏苣苔属(Isometrum Craib)、后蕊苣苔属(Opithandra Burtt)、弥勒苣苔属(Paraisometrum W. T. Wang)及马铃苣苔属(Oreocharis Benth.)为一个单系类群[26]。据资料,广义马铃苣苔属共有145种(含种下等级),其中,含1个存疑种[1],为中国苦苣苔科植物中仅次于广义报春苣苔属(211种,含种下等级)的第二大属[1];狭义马铃苣苔属植物全世界约有27~28种,我国约有26种5变种[27-28]。
马铃苣苔属植物花部形态是属下划分及种间界定的关键性状[29-30]。然而,部分種类因营养体相似度极高,尤其在压制成标本后,更不易区分。相较于植株整个年生长周期而言,花期则相对短暂,因此,野外调查中,给苦苣苔科植物的鉴定带来一定困难。……
