张叶 叶蓓蕾 邬静 刘乐 黎维诗 郝代成 谢尚潜 凌鹏

摘  要：对文心兰77份种质资源的28个表型性状进行测定与评价，通过相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析获得其表型遗传多样性。结果表明：21个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均值达1.85，变化区间为1.36～2.07，其中数值最大为株幅（2.07）;在7个质量形状中，除叶色性状外的其他表型性状的多样性指数均大于1，均值为1.23，最大表现为唇瓣颜色（1.79）。相关性分析结果表明数量性状之间关系复杂，大部分性状之间呈现显著或极显著的正相关。主成分分析筛选出4个特征值大于1的主成分，累计贡献率达74.079%，由蕊柱长、中萼宽、花枝长、花朵数量、侧萼长和宽、唇瓣宽7个表型特征向量组成。聚类分析表明，文心兰种质划分为5大类群，其中第Ⅰ类群的15个品种为小株型，适合作为办公室小盆花;第Ⅳ类群由30个品种组成，为农艺性状综合表现良好，较适合做鲜切花的品种。研究结果可为文心兰新品种的培育及杂交亲本的选择提供理论基础。

关键词：文心兰;表型性状;种质资源;遗传多样性

Abstract： 28 traits of 77 Oncidium germplasm resources were measured and evaluated. The correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the traits of Oncidium were used to obtain the phenotypic genetic diversity analysis results. The average value of genetic diversity index of 21 quantitative traits reached 1.85， and the variation range was 1.36 to 2.07， with the largest value being the plant width （2.07）. In the quality shape， the diversity index of other phenotypic traits except leaf color traits was greater than 1， with an average value of 1.23， and the largest manifestation was the lip color （1.79）. The correlation analysis results showed that the relationship between quantitative traits was complex， and most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation. Four principal components with eigenvalue greater than 1 were screened out by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate reached 74.079%. It was mainly composed of Oncidium gynandrium length， middle sepal width， flowering branches length， number of flowers， sidesepal width， lip width， and sidesepal length phenotypic characteristics. The study could provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties of Oncidium and the selection of hybrid parents.

Keywords： Oncidium; phenotypic trait; germplasm resource; genetic diversity

文心兰（Oncidium）为兰科文心兰属植物，又名吉祥兰、跳舞兰、舞女兰等。文心兰原产于中南美洲和北美洲，其形态妖娆、花色丰富、花期较长，是世界上重要的切花和盆花品种之一[1-2]。文心兰虽种间和属间均可进行杂交，但属间与种间杂交亲和力都较差，甚至品种间也存在自交不亲和与杂交不亲和的现象，使得文心兰品种选育工作进展缓慢，在新品种登录上远不比蝴蝶兰、石斛兰等其他兰科植物[3]。……