王冠　刘苏贤　赵浩然　李波

摘   要：随着电动汽车的普及，大规模电动汽车入网对配电网造成的影响愈加明显. 在该背景下，提出了考虑电动汽车充电桩无功响应能力的充电站实时滚动优化调度策略，充分考虑电动汽车的时空分布特性以及充电站与电网之间的有功无功交互能力，建立双层模型分别从时间和空间上对充电站的有功无功进行优化调度. 分别采用二次规划、二阶锥规划对上、下层模型进行求解，最后以改进的IEEE33节点配电网系统进行仿真，仿真结果表明该策略可以有效降低系统负荷峰谷差，减小系统网损，改善系统电压水平.

关键词：电动汽车;无功响应;时空分布;实时滚动优化

中图分类号：TM7                                     文献标志码：A

Optimal Dispatching Strategy Considering

Reactive Response of Electric Vehicle Charging Piles

WANG Guan LIU Suxian ZHAO Haoran LI Bo

（1. School of Electrical Engineering，Shandong University，Jinan 250061，China;

2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of UHV Transmission Technology and Equipment，Shandong University，Jinan 250061，China;

3. State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Zaozhuang Power Supply Company，Zaozhuang 277100，China;

4. Shandong Shanda Industry Group，Shandong University，Jinan 250061，China）

Abstract：With the popularity of electric vehicles，the impact of large-scale electric vehicles on the distribution grid will become more apparent. In this context，a real-time rolling optimization strategy for charging stations considering the reactive response capability of charging piles is proposed. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of electric vehicles and the active and reactive interaction capability between charging stations and power grids are fully considered. A two-layer model is established to optimize the active and reactive power of the charging station in time and space. The quadratic programming and the second-order cone programming are used to solve the upper and lower models. Finally，the simulation is carried out with the improved IEEE33 node distribution network system，and the simulation results show that the strategy can effectively reduce the load peak and valley difference as well as the active power loss of the system and improve the voltage level of the network.

Key words：electric vehicle;reactive power response;temporal and spatial distribution;real-time rolling optimization

近年来，为应对日益严峻的能源短缺与环境污染问题，光伏发电以及电动汽车受到广泛关注[1-2]. 间歇性光伏发电的广泛应用导致电网等效负荷峰谷差变大，光伏电源渗透率过高产生的反向功率流导致电网电压越限[3]，增加了配電系统的运行压力;电动汽车的大规模入网增加了系统的负荷，导致系统电压下降，网络损耗增加[4-5]，也给电网的安全稳定运行带来了巨大的挑战. 但如果能将电动汽车作为配电网的可控资源进行合理调度，不仅可以抑制无序充电对配网造成的负面影响，还能够抑制光伏出力波动，丰富系统的控制手段[6-7].

目前，学者就电动汽车充放电调度策略开展了大量的研究，大多数集中在控制有……