郑明　周长江　刘忠明

摘   要：针对三峡升船机超大模数变位齿轮-齿条传动润滑设计缺失与过早磨损，开展低速重载使役状态下传动系统的润滑特性研究. 构建变位齿轮-齿条传动系统瞬态热弹流润滑计算模型，利用多重网格法与FFT方法求解各啮合点处的润滑特性参数. 分析启动至正常运行阶段的转速和载荷、变位系数、模数、压力角、材料配副和油膜黏度，对油膜压力、膜厚、齿面摩擦力与摩擦系数的影响. 研究结果发现，齿条啮入瞬间的成膜条件差，滑移速度与摩擦力较大，易使齿条顶部发生磨损;齿轮副硬材料表面的润滑性能较差;适当增大变位系数、模数、压力角和黏度可改善润滑性能.

关键词：三峡升船机;变位齿轮-齿条;超大模数;热弹流润滑;润滑特性参数

中图分类号：TQ174                              文献标志码：A

Transient Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for

Super-modulus Modified Gear-rack Drive

ZHENG Ming ZHOU Changjiang LIU Zhongming

（1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body，

Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China;

2. Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Co LTD，Zhengzhou 450008，China）

Abstract：Aiming at design loss and premature tooth wear on lubrication of the modified super-large modulus gear-rack in Three Gorges ship lift，the lubrication characteristics of the drive system was investigated under low-speed and overload.  A transient thermal-elastohydrodynamic lubrication （TEHL） model was developed for the gear-rack drive system. The transient TEHL model under variable velocity among the line of action is solved by multi-grid method and FFT method. Then，the influence of speed and load， modification coefficient，modulus and pressure angle on the contact pressure，film thickness and tooth surface friction， modification coefficient，modulus and pressure angle during the process from start to normal operation is investigated. The results show that the film thickness becomes thinner and the friction force is larger during the gear engagement stage，which causes the rack top easy to wear. It is found that the harder the surface material，the worse the lubrication performance. When the modification coefficient，modulus，pressure angle and viscosity are increased，the lubricating property can be improved.

Key words：Three Gorges ship lift;modified gear-rack;super-large modulus;thermal-elastohydrodynamic lubrication;lubricating property parameters

三峡升船机作为规模最大和技术难度最高的升船机[1]，由4组超大模数的开式齿轮-齿条机构驱动. 齿条设計寿命为35年，总载荷循环周次可达4.22 × 105次，抬升重量达3000 t级，加工精度高，更换困难，是升船机的关键部件. 升船机机组低速重载传动易引起齿轮-齿条啮合润滑不良，致使齿面出现磨损与胶合. 德国Wollhofen调研报告显示，开式齿轮传动损坏18.2%因润滑不良发生严重磨损或胶合而失效[2]. 因此，有必要对升船机齿轮-齿条传动的润滑状态进行研究，并通过参数分析优化润滑性能.

根据Stribeck曲线齿轮润滑状态可分为全膜润滑、混合润滑、边界润滑三种[3]. 基于Reynolds方程和线接触……