王元元

【热身训练】

阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。

1. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore， he can go shopping without ___ （recognize）.

2. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ___ （reduce） to ruins， the city took on a new look.

3. ___ （ask） to work overtime that evening， I missed a wonderful film.

4. ___ （show） around the Water Cube， we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

5. While shopping， people sometimes can’t help ___ （persuade） into buying some-thing they don’t really need.

6. ___ （separate） from other countries for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

7. He has always insisted on his ___ （call） Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.

8. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ___ （attack） in the South China Sea.

9. The airport ___ （complete） next year

will help promote tourism in this area.

10. The witnesses ___ （question） by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

（Key ☞ p. 37）

【语法解析】

I. V-ing形式的被动语态的构成。

当V-ing表示的动作与其逻辑主语存在被动关系时，就应用V-ing形式的被动语态。V-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两種。一般式由“being+动词的过去分词”构成，表示一个正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作。完成式由“having been+动词的过去分词”构成，表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作。

II. V-ing形式的被动语态的句法功能。

（1）V-ing形式的被动语态的一般式，在句中可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语或补足语等。如：

Being accepted to the university is a great pleasure to her. 被大学录取对她来说是一件愉快的事情。（主语）

Jack is looking forward to being taken to the Great Wall during the summer holidays. 杰克期望暑假期间被带到长城。（介词宾语）

As we approached the village， we saw new houses being put up. 当我们走近村庄时， 我们看见人们正在盖新房子。（宾语补足语）

Being badly wounded， the soldier could hardly bear the pain. 由于受了重伤，那位战士几乎忍受不了疼痛。（原因状语）

（2）V-ing形式完成式的被动式，即“having been+动词的过去分词”，在句中通常做状语，有时也可做宾语，强调此动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：

Having been taken good care of， the baby grows well. 因为受到精心的照料，这孩子长得很好。

Having been defeated many times， he decided to try again. 虽然被击败了很多次，可他决定再试一次。

Having been given such a good chance， how could she let it slip away？ 人们给了她一个这么好的机会，她怎么可能轻易放弃呢？

III. V-ing形式的被动语态的否定式。

V-ing形式的被动语态的否定式是在其前面加not等带有否定意义的副词。如：

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 使那男孩最焦虑的是不允许他到医院去看望他的妈妈。

Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 因为没有被邀请参加聚会，托尼很不高兴。

IV. V-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义。

当need， want， require， be worth后面接V-ing形式时，需用V-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：

These trees need watering. 这些树需要浇水了。

The story-book is well worth reading. 這本故事书值得一读。

【温馨提示】动词need， want， require后还可以接不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如：

The desk needs to be repaired. 这张桌子需要修理了。

V. V-ing形式的被动式的复合结构。

当V-ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在V-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格（整个结构做宾语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替名词所有格）。如：

I am very pleased at your / you having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能够荣获一枚奖牌。

VI. V-ing形式的被动语态、不定式的被动语态和过去分词做定语的区别。

V-ing形式的被动语态、不定式的被动语态和过去分词均可做定语，但是它们在表示的时间上有明显区别。V-ing形式的被动语态表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作;不定式的被动语态表示将要发生的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的被动动作。如：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 正在开的那个会议很重要。 （动作正在进行）

There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备长时间呆在月球之前仍然有很多问题要解决。（表示动作在将来发生）

Annie Salmon， disabled， is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard her. 身残的Annie Salmon在学校里由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。（表示动作发生在过去）