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右美托咪啶对脑创伤患者脑血流的影响

2021-09-10盛阮妹张宏泽

中国药学药品知识仓库 2021年3期

盛阮妹 张宏泽

摘要:目的 比较右美托咪啶对于伴或不伴脑创伤的危重患者脑血流的影响。方法 非脑创伤患者15名与脑创伤患者20名分入CON和TBI组,所有患者接受1 ug kg-1的右美托咪啶静注10分钟,继之0.4 ug kg-1 h-1推注60分钟,多巴胺维持血压在用药前水平。于镇静前和镇静开始后70分钟测定脑血流(CBF)和脑代谢率(CMR)。结果 右美托咪啶显著减少CON组脑血流(差值=3.3 ml s-1, 95% CI=0.92–5.7 ml s-1, p=0.008),CMR和CMR/CBF无变化。TBI组右美托咪啶所致的CBF、CMR和CMF/CBF无明显改变。CON组CBF减少幅度大于TBI组(差值 = 13.9%, 95% CI = 5.5–22.2%, p=0.002).结论 右美托咪啶用于脑创伤患者对脑氧代谢无明显影响。

关键词:脑血流,腦代谢率,脑创伤

【中图分类号】R338 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2107-2306(2020)01-006-04

【Abstract】Objective To examine the effect of dexmedetomidine on CBF in critical ill patients with or without TBI. Methods Fifteen patients without TBI and 20 patients with TBI were assigned to CON or TBI groups, respectively. All patients received 1 ug kg-1 dexmedetomidine infused over 10 minutes, followed by a 0.4 ug kg-1 h-1 continuous infusion for 60 minutes. Blood pressure was maintained at the pre-sedation level with dopamine for all patients. The CBF and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) were measured before sedation and 70 minutes after dexmedetomidine administration. Results Dexmedetomidine administration significantly decreased CBF in patients of the CON group (difference=3.3 ml s-1, 95% CI=0.92–5.7 ml s-1, p=0.008), without altering the CMR and CMR/CBF ratio. The dexmedetomidine-induced change of CBF, CMR and CMR/CBF was not significant in the TBI group. The percentage of CBF reduction was greater in the CON group than in the TBI group (difference = 13.9%, 95% CI = 5.5–22.2%, p=0.002). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine may be used in patients with TBI without risk of affecting brain oxygenation.

【KEY WORDS】Cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate, traumatic brain injury

脑创伤患者经常需要应用镇静剂以便抑制躁动,避免呼吸机对抗,控制颅内压1。然而镇静药物可能影响对患者神智评估,延长呼吸机使用和ICU滞留时间2。右美托咪啶(Dex)是高选择性α2受体拮抗剂,具有浅镇静、易唤醒,呼吸抑制小的特点3,尤其适合神经重症患者镇静的需要4,5。

大量研究显示Dex可减少实验动物6,7和健康志愿者8,9的脑血流(CBF),但其对脑创伤患者CBF的影响尚不清楚。对于脑血管自我调节功能受损的患者,Dex可降低血压从而减少CBF10,而其对脑代谢率的影响未知。动物实验显示Dex显著减少CBF,对CMR的影响则不大11,12。Drummond等9证实Dex可同时减少健康志愿者的CBF和CMR。有研究提示Dex可安全的用于神经损伤患者,但是并未报告其对患者CBF的影响3,13。

多种因素可能影响脑创伤患者的预后,CBF是其中最关键因素14。即便血压轻度降低也可能影响脑创伤患者死亡率15。……

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