不同焊缝类型对宽轮距转向架构架疲劳分析的影响
2021-09-10姜锡辉
姜锡辉




摘要:转向架是单轨车辆核心的部件之一,承担着车辆的牵引、制动和承载作用,直接影响到车辆运行的安全性和可靠性。其中构架又是转向架的承载主体,传递并衰减轮轨与车体的振动。宽轮距转向架构架通过焊接和大量螺栓连接,事实上,在复杂的动载荷作用下,疲劳破坏主要从焊缝和螺栓连接处开始。对于焊接结构,由于焊接接头部位存在较大的应力集中,且常伴随有各种焊接缺陷,因而是最容易发生疲劳破坏的区域。所以焊缝结构疲劳分析及优化在设计阶段尤为重要。
Abstract: Bogie is one of the core components of monorail vehicle, which undertakes the traction, braking and load-bearing functions of vehicle, and directly affects the safety and reliability of vehicle operation. The frame is the main load-bearing body of bogie, which transmits and attenuates the vibration of wheel rail and car body. The frame of wide track bogie is connected by welding and a large number of bolts. The fatigue failure of the connection structure will affect the service life of the whole bogie. In fact, under the complex dynamic load, the fatigue failure mainly starts from the weld and bolt connection. For the welded structure, due to the large stress concentration in the welded joint, and often accompanied by a variety of welding defects, it is the most prone to fatigue failure area. For bolted connection, most of the bolt failure is fatigue failure, so the fatigue analysis of weld and bolt structure is particularly important in the design stage.
关键词:转向架构架;焊缝类型;焊缝疲劳
Key words: bogie frame;weld type;weld fatigue
中图分类号:U260.331 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-957X(2021)05-0096-02
1 焊缝疲劳分析及优化
焊接接头的基本形式分为对接接头、T形接头、角接接头,搭接接头四种形式。还有特殊的接头形式。本文研究的宽轮距转向架构架焊缝形式均为T型焊接接头,T形接头是一焊件端面与另一焊件表面构成直角或近似直角的接头。这是一种用途仅次于对接接头的接头形式,根据单个T型接头的焊接形式,可分为单面型焊缝、双面型焊缝以及混合性焊缝。
1.1 单面型焊缝
单面型焊缝是指只在焊件的一面进行焊接。有单面角焊缝、HY型焊缝、HV型焊缝。
①单面角焊缝。
单面角焊缝两焊件边缘互相垂直,在焊件表面相交处进行焊接。属于角焊缝类型。缺点是单面焊跟部有很深缺口,容易开裂,因此承载能力较低,但是能够传递力和力矩。
②HV型焊缝。
HV型焊缝是焊件完全熔透,熔深等于母材厚度。……
