郑振 李明东 孙林柱 舒阳 刘客

摘 要：建筑材料具有高强度和低密度的要求，有必要建立适合优化选择其力学性能的评价指标。在密度和强度评估的背景下，提出对建筑材料密度和强度进行综合评价的密强法。基于密强法进行了不同材料之间的優选和同一材料不同参数之间的优选，研究了不同建筑材料的密度和强度参数在密强图的分布情况。结果表明：不同材料在密强图上的密强不同，在优选材料时可由密强图分别计算出各材料的相对密强改进量及改进角，然后进行比选;同一材料在不同参数下的密度与强度的表现不同，由密强图可对影响材料性能的因素进行优选;密强能综合反映建筑材料密度和强度的性质，是表达材料轻质高强性的一种直观易懂的方法。

关键词：建筑材料;高强材料;密强法;优选

Abstract： Building materials have requirements of high-strength and low-density， and it is necessary to establish evaluation indexes suitable for optimal selection of mechanical properties. Under the background of density and strength evaluation， a method for comprehensive evaluation of the density and strength of building materials， density-strength method， is proposed. Based on the density-strength method， the optimization of different materials and the optimization of different parameters of the same material are carried out， and the distribution of the density and strength parameters of different building materials in the density-strength diagram is studied. The results show that the density and strength of different materials is different on the density-strength diagram， and when selecting materials， the density-strength diagram can be used to calculate the relative density improvement amount and the improvement angle of each material for comparison and selection; the density and strength of the same material under different parameters are different， and the factors affecting the properties of the material can be optimized by the density-strength diagram; density and strength can comprehensively reflect the properties of density and strength of building materials， which is an intuitive and understandable method to express the lightweight and high strength properties of materials.

Keywords：building material; high strength material; density-strength; optimum selection

随着建筑物高度的不断增加，多孔混凝土、多孔铝等轻质建材在建筑工程中得到了广泛应用。地下工程、基础工程及公路工程中采用大量轻质土以减小地基荷载。材料科学领域也对材料的轻质高强性存在需求，如航空金属材料在保障强度安全的情况下希望越轻越好，车辆制造材料及一些纤维材料也是如此。一般采用“比强”来进行评价和选用。比强是强度与密度之比，比强越大，材料的轻质高强性越好[1-3]。如朱伟等[4]采用比强对砂土EPS（聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料）颗粒混合轻质土进行了分析，发现混合轻质土的最优击实含水率（使得比强最大的击实含水率）随原材料配方的不同而不同，并且该混合轻质土的最优击实含水率不一定与原料土的最优含水率相关。……