重金属胁迫对茶树的影响和调控技术研究进展
2021-09-03张硕余秀宏余书平吴荣梅颜鹏韩文炎付建玉李鑫
张硕 余秀宏 余书平 吴荣梅 颜鹏 韩文炎 付建玉 李鑫
摘要:随着环境重金属污染的加剧及有机茶园和生态茶园的推广,人们越来越重视茶园土壤污染和茶叶质量安全问题。因此,关于茶园重金属污染研究及重金属胁迫对茶树的影响也引发了更多的关注。文章回顾和总结了茶园土壤主要重金属污染物(砷、镉、铅、铬等)对茶树生长、抗氧化系统以及生理代谢的影响,并讨论了茶树中重金属胁迫的调控技术,旨在为茶园绿色优质栽培和安全生产提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。
关键词:茶园重金属污染;茶树;生长;代谢;调控技术
Research Progress on the Effects of Heavy Metal
Stresses on Tea Plants and Regulation Technology
ZHANG Shuo1, YU Xiuhong2, YU Shuping3, WU Rongmei3, YAN Peng1, HAN Wenyan1, FU Jianyu1, LI Xin1*
1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;
2. Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Kaihua County, Kaihua 324300, China
3. Kaihua County Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center, Kaihua 324300, China
Abstract: With the development of society and the advancement of industrialization, heavy metal pollution in soil
seriously threaten human health. Consumers pay more attention to soil pollution and tea quality. Hence, more and
more scholars have focused on the heavy metal pollution in tea gardens and the effects of heavy metal stresses on tea
plants. This paper reviewed and summarized the effects of the main heavy metal pollution (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, etc.) on the
growth and metabolism of tea plants and discussed the effective strategies to relieve the stresses of heavy metals in tea
plants, aiming to provide a certain theoretical basis and scientific basis for the safe production and high-quality
cultivation of tea plants.
Keywords: heavy metal pollution, tea plant, growth, metabolism, regulation technology
重金属是指比重大于5的金属,主要包括镉、铅、铬和砷等。随着工业化和城市化的推进,采矿业、金属冶炼及工业“三废”未能得到及时有效处理,我国面临的土壤重金属污染日益加剧,引起国内学者的广泛关注。重金属污染主要来源于自然污染和人类活动,而后者被认为是造成土壤重金属污染的主要来源。由于我国灌溉水资源分布不均匀导致农田缺水,为解决灌溉问题,农业上曾采用工业废水灌溉,致使大量重金属也一同进入农田土壤。此外,农业生产上为了提高粮食产量大量施用农药化肥,也是主要的重金属污染源。据2014年《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》显示,我国耕地土壤点位超标率为19.4%,其中镉、铜、砷、铅等重金属污染最为突出[1]。环境中的重金属主要通过直接接触或食物链等途径进入人体并富集,损害肾、肝等器官,影响身体正常代谢,进而造成重金属中毒,严重影响人类健康。……
