摘要 [目的]了解不同机械化整地技术对稻田土壤理化性状和水稻产量的影响，为机械化技术模式的推广和开发新型农业机械提供参考。[方法]2017—2019年在安徽省肥東县进行田间试验，比较3种不同机械化整地方式旋耕（处理①）、深松（处理②）、深翻（处理③）对稻田0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土层土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响。[结果]与处理①相比，处理②和③在0～20 cm土层可导致土壤含水率降低9.67%～26.79%，土壤容重增加0.08～0.16 g/cm3，且差异达到显著水平，土壤透气性有所提高，土壤孔隙度降低3.05%～11.67%;各土层总体表现出有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量均逐渐降低，0～10 cm土层的有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量均低于处理①;处理②条件下水稻产量2年持续增加，第1、2年分别增产4.91%和9.54%，处理③对水稻产量影响较小，仅在第2年呈现出增长的趋势，但是差异不显著。[结论]深松可以提高稻田土壤向下的透水性和容重，对土壤有机质和氮素影响较小，可连年增加水稻产量。深翻虽然也可以改善土壤的理化性质，但是效果较深松处理差，且会降低上层土壤肥力，水稻产量增加不明显。

关键词 机械化;整地技术;水稻;土壤;理化性质;产量

中图分类号 S 28  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0200-03

Abstract [Objective] To understand the effects of different mechanized soil preparation technologies on the physical and chemical properties of paddy soil and rice yield， and to provide references for the promotion of mechanized technology models and the development of new agricultural machinery.[Method]Field trials were carried out in Feidong County， Anhui Province from 2017 to 2019. Three different mechanized land preparation methods were compared with rotary tillage （treatment ①）， subsoiling （treatment ②） and deep plowing （treatment ③） on rice fields of 0-10，10-20，20-30 cm soil physical and chemical properties and the influence of rice yield.[Result]Compared with treatment ①， treatments ② and ③ in the 0-20 cm soil layer can reduce the soil moisture content by 9.67% to 26.79%，soil bulk density increased by 0.08-0.16 g/cm3， and the difference reached a significant level， soil air permeability was improved， and soil porosity decreased by 3.05%-11.67%，the overall soil layers showed that the contents of organic carbon， total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen gradually decreased， and the contents of organic matter， total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen in the 0-10 cm soil layer were all lower than treatment ①;under the condition of treatment ②， the rice yield increased continuously for 2 years， and the yield increased by 4.91% and 9.54% in the first and second years respectively. Treatment ③ had little effect on rice yield， and showed an increasing trend only in the second year， but the difference was not significant.[Conclusion]Subsoiling can increase the downward water permeability and bulk density of the paddy soil， and has little effect on soil organic matter and nitrogen， and can increase rice yield year after year.Although deep plowing can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil， it is less effective than deep loosening， and will reduce the fertility of the upper soil， and the increase in rice yield is not obvious.

Key words Mechanization;Land preparation technology;Rice;Soil;Physical and chemical properties;Yield

作者简介 周秀梅（1976—），女，安徽合肥人，工程师，从事农业机械监管、农业机械新技术推广等工作。

收稿日期 2021-01-27

自十八届五中全会提出“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念以来，全国各地都坚定了走绿色发展的道路。农业要以绿色发展作为引领，实现高产、高效、优质、安全和生态的发展目标，并构建环境友好型、资源节约型的高效生产模式[1]。……