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不同浓度和时间NaCl处理对水培冰菜生长和盐囊细胞的影响

2021-09-03李慧霞路亚南杨瑞刘明星周刚吕福虎

安徽农业科学 2021年14期

李慧霞 路亚南 杨瑞 刘明星 周刚 吕福虎

摘要 以水培“非洲冰菜”为试验材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理和不同处理时间对冰菜生长、无机离子含量和盐囊细胞数量和形态的影响。试验1:分别设定0、0.05、0.15和0.25 mol/L NaCl 4个处理;试验2:设定CK(始终不添加NaCl),和分别在0、7和14 d后添加0.05 mol/L NaCl 4个处理,以日本园试营养液配方为基础培养液,栽培28 d。结果表明,随着盐处理浓度的增加,冰菜地上部和地下部干鲜重减少,无机离子除Na增加外,K、Ca、Mg和P的含量均随NaCl浓度的增加而减少,说明冰菜高产栽培最适盐浓度为0.05 mol/L,但冰菜地上部鲜重在0.25 mol/L 處理下与对照差异不显著,说明冰菜还可以忍耐更高浓度的盐胁迫。随着盐浓度的增加,盐囊细胞因积累大量的NaCl和水分而变得大而稀疏。此外,处理时间越早,冰菜干、鲜重越大,说明盐胁迫处理越早越好,但处理时间对无机离子的含量影响不显著。

关键词 冰菜;无土栽培;NaCl胁迫;盐囊细胞

中图分类号 S 649  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)14-0057-04

Abstract In this study, hydroponic “African ice plant” was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl treatment and different treatment time on  Mesembryanthemum crystallinum  L. growth, inorganic content and the number and morphology of epidermal bladder cells(EBCs). Four NaCl treatments(0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 mol/L)in experiment 1 and four NaCl treatment times CK,(always do not add NaCl)and adding 0.05 mol/L NaCl after 0, 7 and 14 days in experiment 2 were set for 28 days based on the nutrient solutionthe of Japanese garden formula. The results showed that with the concentration of salt treatment increase, the dry and fresh weight of the shoot and root of ice plant decreased, and the content of K, Ca, Mg and P decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, except Na contents increased, which indicated that the optimal salt concentration for highyield cultivation of ice plant was 0.05 mol/L. There was no significant difference between 0.25 mol/L treatment and the control of shoot fresh weight, indicating that ice plant could tolerate higher concentration of salt stress. As the salt concentration increased, the EBCs became larger and sparse due to the accumulation of a large amount of NaCl and water. In addition, the earlier the salt treatment time, the greater the shoot fresh and dry weight of ice plant, indicating that the earlier the salt stress treatment the better, but the treatment time had no significant effect on the content of inorganic.

Key words Ice plant;Soilless;NaCl stress;Epidermal bladder cells

基金项目 包头市青年创新人才项目。

作者简介 李慧霞(1984—),女,山西浑源人,助理研究员,博士,从事设施无土栽培研究。*通信作者,副研究员,从事设施蔬菜栽培研究。

收稿日期 2020-12-18

近年来,由于盐害造成的土壤盐碱化问题在全世界范围内扩大,受盐害的地区超过100个国家,面积达83 100万hm2[1]。土壤盐碱化是世界范围内普遍存在的问题,严重影响植物的生长和发育。在盐胁迫栽培环境下,植物常表现为叶色深绿,植株矮化,最终产量减少,且随着盐浓度的增高和盐胁迫时间的加长,矮化越严重,一些耐盐性较弱的植物生长受阻甚至枯死[2-4]。……

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