邓京 钟思奕

摘 要：本文通过地面常规观测资料、探空资料和大气污染物监测数据等资料，对江西中北部2018年11月30日至12月2日的一次重污染天气的大气污染过程、天气形势和相关气象要素进行分析。结果表明，本次重污染天气的首要污染物为PM2.5，空气质量呈现出自西北向东南减轻的特点;本次大气污染过程的地面形势是入海高压后部，等压线较稀疏，地面风力较弱;本次大气污染过程中的污染输送，九江市和南昌市受偏东风影响而萍乡市受西南风影响，风速均较小，不利于污染物的水平扩散;地面相对湿度较高，加速污染物的吸湿增长;近地面层一直存在逆温层，抑制大气污染物的垂直扩散，后期有效的持续性降水对污染物有明显的清除作用;九江市和南昌市地处鄱阳湖平原，易受到北路和东北路污染物的直接影响，而萍乡市处在山脉的夹缝中，外来污染影响主要来自湖南中部。

关键词：重污染天气;PM2.5;气象要素

中图分类号：X51文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）10-0125-03

Analysis of a Heavy Pollution Weather Process in Central and Northern Jiangxi Province In 2018

DENG Jing ZHONG Siyi

（Yichun Meteorological Bureau，Yichun Jiangxi 336000）

Abstract： Based on the conventional observation data， radiosonde data and air pollutant monitoring data， this paper analyzed the air pollution process， weather situation and related meteorological elements of a heavy pollution weather in central and northern Jiangxi from November 30 to December 2， 2018. The results show that PM2.5 is the primary pollutant in this heavy pollution weather， and the air quality is reduced from northwest to Southeast; the ground situation of this air pollution process is at the back of the high pressure into the sea， the isobars are sparse， and the ground wind is weak; Jiujiang City and Nanchang city are affected by the easterly wind， while Pingxiang City is affected by the southwest wind， and the wind speed is low Jiujiang City and Nanchang city are located in Poyang Lake Plain， which are easy to be directly affected by the pollutants from North Road and Northeast Road， while Pingxiang City is located in North Road In the crevice of the mountains， the external pollution mainly comes from central Hunan.

Keywords： heavy pollution weather;PM2.5;meteorological elements

随着社会经济的高速发展，社会化、工业化进程的加快，大气环境形势严峻，雾霾天气频发。大气污染时，空气中会含有大量气溶胶粒子，导致能见度降低，影响人们出行，危害人体健康。这引起了社会各界的广泛关注，大气污染的治理工作刻不容缓。

顾沛澍等人的研究发现，重污染天气的形成及持续一方面取决于污染物排放强度，另一方面也与当地天气形势、大气边界层特征和气象条件密不可分[1]。……