董利萍 郭振锋 杜瑞卿

摘 要：分析不同消毒方法对洋葱种子处理影响的重要性，以便科学地筛选出主要因素及最优方案。对试验结果进行χ2检验、响应面法分析，结果表明，浸泡方法与时间对污染率、发芽率都有显著影响;三种不同杀菌剂处理对洋葱种子发芽率有显著影响; 70%酒精对污染率、发芽率无显著影响， 10%次氯酸钠有显著影响，两者与污染率Y1、发芽率Y2呈显著的二次回归函数关系;不同消毒液处理对污染率有显著影响。综合得出：在不含洗涤剂的温水中浸泡12 h，此时污染率低，发芽率高;不添加任何杀菌剂处理最好; 70%酒精处理（x1）2 min，与10%次氯酸钠处理（x2）10 min组合时，洋葱种子发芽率44.12%最高，污染率52.89%最低; 0.1%HgCl2和Tween20按比例10 000∶1的混合溶液消毒10 min结果最为理想。

关键词：洋葱;种子;消毒方法;统计分析;优化

中图分类号：S633.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-076-05

Application and optimization of different disinfection methods on onion tissue culture

DONG Liping1， GUO Zhenfeng1， DU Ruiqing2

（1. Department of Landscape Architecture， Henan Forestry Vocational College， Luoyang 471002， Henan， China;2. School of Life Science and Technology， Nanyang Normal University， Nanyang 473061， Henan， China）

Abstract： In order to study the importance of different disinfection methods on onion seed and find out the main factors and optimal solution， Chi square test and response surface method were used to analyze the experimental results. The results showed that the pollution rate and germination rate were significantly affected by soaking method and time. The seed contamination rate of onion was not affected by three fungicides， while the germination rate was significantly affected. Influencing factors A （70% alcohol） was found no significant effect on pollution rate and germination rate， while factors B （10% sodium hypochlorite）was revealed significant effect on pollution rate and germination rate. Different disinfectant treatments had significant effect on the pollution rate. It was concluded that the most reliable and ideal immersion method and time was soaking 12 h in warm water exclusive of detergent， and the pollution rate was low， the germination rate was high. The best fungicide treatment was control group， which was not added any fungicide. The optimum disinfection time combination was 70% alcohol（x1）for 2 min， 10% sodium hypochlorite（x2）for 10 min， and the germination and contamination rate of onion seeds were 44.12% and 52.89% 0.1% HgCl2 and Tween20 in the proportion of 10 000∶1 mixed solution disinfection for 10 min is the optimal combination.

Key words： Onion; Seeds; Disinfectant methods; Statistical analysis; Optimization

洋葱是百合科葱属中以肉质鳞片和鳞芽构成产品器官的二年生草本植物，营养丰富，而且具有杀菌、降脂、降压、抗哮喘等多种保健功能，深受人们喜爱。洋葱是两年生异花授粉作物，目前中国大多依然是常规育种，但耗时耗力，效率低，通常要12年以上，并且受种质资源的限制较大，很难取得进展[1-2]。近来年也有不少人用组织培养方法进行快繁，但是用种子进行组织培养，首先碰到的就是污染严重的问题[3-4]。关于洋葱种子采取不同消毒处理对污染率及发芽率的影响，有关文献[5]进行了报道，但存在以下不足：（1）浸泡方法与时间、三种不同杀菌剂处理、不同消毒时间处理、不同消毒液处理，每种处理方式的各组间，都是直观的数据比较，未进行统计学检验差异性，缺少科学性。……