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长江流域秋季番茄生长结果特性观察

2021-08-23赵娟俞艳陈红辉张芝雯葛立傲卫亮

中国瓜菜 2021年7期

赵娟 俞艳 陈红辉 张芝雯 葛立傲 卫亮

摘 要:为提高秋番茄种植水平,丰富品种资源,在上海市金山区种植4个品种番茄,鉴定秋番茄早熟性、生长势、抗病性、丰产性、商品性和市场价值,为其在长江流域的推广提供依据。结果表明,浦粉7号早熟,可通过整枝有效降低病毒病发生率,单株坐果6个、采收2穗果,扁圆果、果色好;果实纵径最小,为5.88 cm;果实横径较大,为7.81 cm;单果质量为315.74 g,丰产性较好,口味酸甜适中,表现优良,值得推广示范。

关键词:番茄;秋季;品种;长江流域

中图分类号:S641.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)07-062-05

Observation of the characteristics of tomato growth in the Yangtze River Basin in autumn

ZHAO Juan1, YU Yan1, CHEN Honghui1, ZHANG Zhiwen1, GE Liao1, WEI Liang2

(1. Vegetable Technology Promotion Center of Jinshan in Shanghai, Shanghai 201599, China; 2. Shanghai Hexi Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative, Shanghai 201599, China)

Abstract: In order to improve the planting level of autumn tomato and enrich the variety resources, four tomato varieties were planted in Jinshan District of Shanghai,  the early maturity, growth potential, yield, commodity and market value of autumn tomatoes were identified, which could provide the basis for the promotion in the Yangtze River Basin. An excellent variety Pu Fen No. 7 was selected with early maturity, the incidence of viral diseases could be effectively reduced through pruning. It sets 6 fruit per plant and can be harvested twice. The fruit is flat round shaped with good fruit color, 5.88 cm in fruit height, about 7.81 cm in fruit diameter, 315.74 g of single fruit weight, excellent performance, and worthy of demonstration.

Key words: Tomato; Autumn; Variety; Yangtze River Basin

秋番茄上市季节正处于蔬菜淡季, 番茄市场销售价格较高, 是设施蔬菜生产的重要茬口。但是,长江流域日光温室秋延后番茄栽培中存在着两个方面的问题:第一,品种选择不适宜,品种耐低温弱光能力差,采收期短,果实大小、形状、颜色、品质、风味、耐贮运性等不能满足新时期消费市场和生产上的需求[1-2]。第二,由于日光温室低温弱光的环境,病虫害发生较重,尤其是黄化曲叶病毒病(TY)危害严重,不抗病品种极易感染,感病后植株生长停滞,导致减产或绝收,具有发生突然、扩展迅速、危害性强、无法治疗的特点,目前没有很好的药剂可以进行防治,是一种毁灭性的番茄病害,对番茄生产构成极大威胁[3-4]。

针对长江流域秋番茄生产中品种抗病性弱、适应性差、效益低等问题,引进番茄抗TY病毒病新品种,对其主要物候期、植株特性、果实性状、产量表现等多方面进行对比分析,探索秋番茄栽培技术,并筛选出适宜本地秋季茬口种植的番茄品种,为设施番茄生产中品种选择、示范推广和合理布局提供理论依据。……

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