赵虎 赵曾菁 王萌 龚明霞 吴星 王日升

摘    要：以桂椒12号五彩椒为试材，研究秋播和冬播的8个播期对五彩椒病毒病、果实性状和产量的影响，为桂南低海拔地区五彩椒高产栽培提供参考。结果表明，2次调查的秋播和冬播病毒病发病率和病情指数相似，第二次调查秋播五彩椒病毒病发病率均低于冬播，且秋播各播期病情指数变化幅度小。不同播期五彩椒商品果横径差异不显著，播期越晚果实纵径、纵横径比及单果质量越小。播期对五彩椒产量影响较大，产量随播期推迟呈下降趋势，其中秋播D1（7月24日）和D4（9月26日）播期小区产量分别为6.70 kg和6.40 kg，均极显著高于其他各播期。综上所述，五彩椒适宜在桂南低海拔地区秋播。

关键词：五彩椒;播期;病毒病;果实性状;产量

中图分类号：S641.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-058-05

Effects of different sowing dates on the virus disease， fruit characters and yield of colourful pepper Guijiao No. 12

ZHAO Hu， ZHAO Zengjing， WANG Meng， GONG Mingxia， WU Xing， WANG Risheng

（ Institute of Vegetable Research， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China ）

Abstract： The effects of 8 sowing dates in autumn and winter on the virus disease， fruit characters and yield of colorful pepper were studied by using Guijiao No. 12 colorful pepper as material， which would provide a reference for high yield cultivation of colorful pepper in low altitude areas of South Guangxi. The results showed that the trend of viral diseases incidence rate and disease index were similar between in autumn and winter sowing. The incidence rate and disease index in autumn were significantly lower than those in winter， the change range of disease index in autumn sowing period was not obvious. There was no significant difference in the transverse diameter of commercial fruit at different sowing dates. With the delay of sowing dates， the longitudinal diameter of fruits became shorter， the fruit length and width ratio were decreased， and the single fruit weight became lighter. Meanwhile， the yield was decreased with the delay of sowing dates. At D1（24th Jul） and D4（26th Sept） autumn sowing dates， the plot yield were 6.70 kg and 6.40 kg respectively， which were significantly higher than those at other sowing dates. Therefore， the colorful pepper was suitable to sow in the southern Guangxi low altitude areas in autumn.

Key words： Colourful pepper; Sowing date; Virus disease; Fruit characters; Yield

五彩椒原产美洲，是樱桃椒的一种，果色在果实不同成熟阶段呈现出乳白、乳黄、紫、橘黄和红色等不同的颜色，生产上常为一年生栽培。五彩椒通常用酱油腌渍后食用，因其香辣、清脆的口感成为米粉等餐食的最佳伴侣，深受消费者喜爱。广西五彩椒最早在柳江县山区海拔400～600 m的坡地上种植[1]，但由于常年栽培品种单一和管理方式粗放等，产量和品质逐渐下降，其中病毒病是造成减产的主要病害之一[2]。近年来南宁周边、崇左等地区农户和农业合作社也开始普遍种植五彩椒，然而广西各地区光、热、水资源分布不均，地方气候和小气候类型多样，造成不同地区农户在不同播期种植的五彩椒病毒病发病率和产量差异大，严重限制了五彩椒在桂南低海拔地区的稳产、高产。……