王小英 陈占飞 方玉川 张圆 吕军 汪奎

摘    要：通過田间试验研究氯化钾和硫酸钾对5个品种马铃薯农艺性状、产量和品质的影响，明确陕西榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯氯化钾替代硫酸钾的可行性。结果表明，同一品种马铃薯施用氯化钾或硫酸钾后株高、单株块茎质量、单株块茎数和商品薯率等差异均不显著。同一品种马铃薯施用氯化钾或硫酸钾后产量差异不显著，但5个品种施用氯化钾处理的产量均高于硫酸钾处理，且产量提高5.28%～24.79%。同一品种马铃薯施用氯化钾或硫酸钾后干物质、粗蛋白、维生素C含量差异均不显著;除冀张薯8号外，其余4个品种施用氯化钾或硫酸钾后淀粉含量差异均不显著;除青薯9号外，其余4个品种施用氯化钾或硫酸钾后还原糖含量差异不显著。供试5个品种施用硫酸钾处理后维生素C和还原糖含量均高于氯化钾处理。在供试条件下，氯化钾对马铃薯有一定的增产潜能，对品质没有显著的降低作用，在生产中为了获得高产优质的马铃薯，氯化钾可以部分替代硫酸钾。

关键词：马铃薯;氯化钾;硫酸钾;农艺性状;产量;品质

中图分类号：S532 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-050-04

Effect of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate on agronomic characters， yield and nutrition qualities of different potato varieties

WANG Xiaoying， CHEN Zhanfei， FANG Yuchuan， ZHANG Yuan， L? Jun， WANG Kui

（Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yulin 719000， Shaanxi， China）

Abstract： In order to determine the feasibility of substitution of potassium chloride for potassium sulfate in Yulin sandy area of Shaanxi province， field experiments were conducted to study the influence of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate on agronomic characters， yield and nutrition qualities of five different potato cultivars in this study. The results showed that potassium chloride or potassium sulfate had no significant effect on plant height， tuber weight per plant， number of tubers per plant and commodity rate of the same variety. Application of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate was found no significant effect on yield of the same variety， while the yield of potassium chloride treatment was obviously higher than that of potassium sulfate treatment of all varieties， and the yields were increased by 5.28%-24.79%. There were no significantly effect on the dry matter， crude protein， Vitamin C， starch and reducing sugar between application of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate of the same variety. There was no significant difference of starch contents between application of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate of four varieties， expect Ji Zhangshu 8. There was no significant difference of reducing sugar contens between application of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate of four varieties， expect Qingshu No.9. The vitamin C and reducing sugar content of potassium sulfate treatment were higher than that of potassium chloride treatment for all the 5 varieties. It was concluded that application of potassium chloride had the potential to increase the yield of potato with no debasement of qualities obviously under the tested conditions. In order to get high quality and high yield potato， potassium sulphate could be partly replaced by potassium chloride.

Key words： Potato; Potassium chloride; Potassium sulphate; Agronomic character; Yield; Quality

马铃薯是中国第四大粮食作物，适应性强、分布范围广、营养丰富、产量较高，粮菜饲兼用，加工用途多，经济效益高，对保障国家粮食安全、贫困地区脱贫增产增收、振兴地区经济意义非常大[1]。目前，中国的马铃薯种植面积552多万hm2[2-3]，是全球第一大马铃薯生产国。陕西省是我国马铃薯主产省份之一，2015年生产规模居我国第6位[3]。……