2021年《ERS临床实践指南:5~16岁儿童哮喘的诊断》解读
2021-08-20梁蓉蓉黄花荣
梁蓉蓉?黄花荣
【摘要】哮喘是儿童期最常见的慢性呼吸道炎症性疾病之一,严重影响儿童的生活质量。然而目前关于儿童哮喘缺乏诊断的金标准,对哮喘的过度诊断和诊断不足十分常见。因此,正确且早期识别儿童哮喘对于提高哮喘控制水平、改善预后显得至关重要。2021年4月,欧洲呼吸学会(ERS)发布了5 ~ 16岁儿童哮喘诊断的临床实践指南,该指南主要针对5 ~ 16岁儿童哮喘的诊断问题提供循证证据及指导建议,现就该指南制定方法、诊断要点及推荐等作一浅析。
【关键词】哮喘;儿童;指南;诊断
Interpretation of the 2021 “European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years” Liang Rongrong, Huang Huarong. Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
Corresponding author, Huang Huarong, E-mail: huanghr@ mail. sysu. edu. cn
【Abstract】Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in children, which seriously affects their quality of life. However, there has been no diagnostic gold standard for pediatric asthma. Consequently, both over-, and under-diagnosis of asthma are frequent in children. Therefore, correct and early identification of pediatric asthma plays a significant role in improving the control level and enhancing the clinical prognosis. In April, 2021, the European Respiratory Society issued the “European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years”, which provides evidence-based reference and clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5 to 16 years. This article aims to interpret the method, key points and recommendations of this guideline.
【Key words】Asthma;Child;Guideline;Diagnosis
哮喘是一種全球性影响人类生活质量的慢性、难治性疾病,这种慢性炎症主要与气道的高反应性、可逆性的气流受限有关,从而引起反复发作的喘息、气促、胸闷和(或)咳嗽等症状。近年来,哮喘的发病率逐年升高,在欧洲联盟国家有550万儿童罹患哮喘[1-2]。在中国,有半数哮喘患者在儿童期发病[3-4]。值得注意的是,由于5 ~ 16岁这个年龄段儿童的呼吸道症状缺乏特异性,可能是由呼吸道病毒感染引起,也可能是因病程迁延而出现类似哮喘的临床症状,由此导致过度诊断及肾上腺皮质激素(激素)的滥用,令患儿及家属承担了不必要的费用和不良反应[5-6]。在中国,尤其是基层医疗机构,这种现象并不少见,由于医疗资源的限制及诊疗水平参差不齐,诊断往往基于临床症状和体征,缺乏客观的辅助检查,由此导致诊断过度或诊断不足。因此,提高临床医师对儿童哮喘的诊断水平,已成为广大医务工作者关注的重点。……
