王振民 李栩延 唐嘉健 林三宝 田济语

摘要：埋弧焊具有自动化程度高、焊接质量稳定、生产效率高、无弧光、烟尘少等优点，在制造业中得到广泛应用。在埋弧焊过程，电弧在焊剂覆盖的区域里燃烧，难以直接观察到焊接工艺过程，影响了埋弧焊工艺研究的深入。首先分析了国内外在埋弧焊熔滴过渡方面的研究进展，确认渣壁过渡是埋弧焊熔滴的主导过渡形态;在此基础上，分析了影响埋弧焊焊缝成形的主要因素，进一步总结分析国内外关于埋弧焊电流波形控制方面的研究成果，并探讨焊接电流波形对焊缝成形及质量的影响规律;最后，从控制技术与功率变换技术两大方面深入探讨了埋弧焊焊接电源的国内外发展状况。数字化控制技术的普及和基于第三代宽禁带半导体器件SiC MOSFET的功率变换技术的进步将进一步推动埋弧焊工艺及设备向高频化、绿色化和高效化方向发展。

关键词：埋弧焊;熔滴过渡;电流波形;焊接电源

中图分类号：TG445文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-9492（2021）11-0001-08

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Development of High Efficiency Submerged Arc Welding Process and System

Wang Zhenmin1，Li Xuyan1，Tang Jiajian1，Lin Sanbao2，Tian Jiyu1

（1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering， South China University of Technology， Guangzhou 510641， China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining， Harbin Institute of Technology， Harbin 150006， China）

Abstract： The submerged arc welding process has the advantages of advanced automation， stable welding quality， high welding efficiency， no arc， less smoke and dust， which is widely used in manufacturing. In the submerged arc welding process， the arc burns in the area covered by the flux， it is difficult to observe the welding process directly， which affects the in-depth research on submerged arc welding process. First， the research progress in metal transfer of submerged arc welding at home and abroad was analyzed， confirming that the flux-wall guided transfer was the dominant transfer form in submerged arc welding. On this basis， the main factors affecting the weld formation of submerged arc welding were analyzed， the research results on submerged arc welding current waveform control at home and abroad were further summarized and analyzed， and the influence of welding current waveform on weld formation and quality was discussed. Finally， the development of submerged arc welding power source at home and abroad was discussed in depth from two aspects of control technology and power conversion technology. Thepopularizationofdigitalcontroltechnologyandtheadvancementofpowerconversiontechnologybasedonthethird-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor device SiC MOSFET will further promote the development of submerged arc welding process and equipment in the direction of high frequency， green and high efficiency.

Key words： submerged arc welding; metal transfer; current waveform; welding power source

0 引言

全世界钢铁产品的60%左右需要经过焊接才能转变为最终产品[1]。在海工能源、压力容器、核电等领域有大量的厚大钢构件，迫切需要绿色高效的焊接工艺支撑[2]。其中，埋弧焊是广泛采用的一种高熔敷率自动化焊接方法。埋弧焊（SAW）全称埋弧自动焊，是一种将电弧隐藏在焊剂之下进行燃烧，利用燃烧带来的热量熔化焊丝和工件并使之紧密连接在一起的焊接方法。……