V-ing形式作宾语和表语
2021-08-14王欢欢
王欢欢
V-ing形式可相当于名词,在句中作宾语和表语,现就此讲解如下。
一、作宾语
1. V-ing形式可用作动词的宾语
Lucy completed writing her paper yesterday. 露西昨天完成了论文的写作。
Ted suggested organizing a trip to the Great Wall this summer. 泰德建议在今年夏天组织一次去长城的旅行。
只能接V-ing形式作宾语的动词有:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, quit, risk, suggest等。
I appreciate your waiting in line for your turn like others. 我很感激你像别人一样排队等待。
Have you considered exploring the mountain this weekend? 你这个周末考虑过登山了吗?
They postponed making the final decision due to the unexpected changes. 由于这些意想不到的变化,他们推迟做最后的决定。
有些动词不能后接V-ing形式作宾语,而应使用不定式。这类动词有:agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。
They decided to build a highway between these two cities. 他们决定在这两个城市之间建一条公路。
She offered to help me when I was in trouble. 当我有困难的时候,她提出帮助我。
2. V-ing形式可用作动词短语的宾语
下列动词短语burst out, feel like, give up, insist on, put off, cant help (禁不住), cant resist (忍不住), cant stand (无法忍受)等,只能后接V-ing形式作宾语,不能使用动词不定式。
Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute. 有时学生们会拖延到最后一分钟才做作业。
Most customers cant resist being persuaded to buy things they dont really need. 大多数顾客都无法抗拒被说服去买他们其实不需要的东西。
3. V-ing形式也可用作介词的宾语
He apologized to the teacher for being late. 他为迟到而向老师道歉。
Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 她的家人都为拥有这样一个漂亮的房子而感到自豪。
Have you succeeded in convincing them? 你成功地说服他们了吗?
Who is against changing the plan? 谁反对改变计划?
此时,要注意用作介词to的宾语时,极易与不定式发生混淆。
我一直盼望来北京。
【正】 Ive been looking forward to coming to Beijing.
【誤】 Ive been looking forward to come to Beijing.
让我们开始讨论公司的未来。
【正】 Lets get down to discussing the future of the company.
【误】 Lets get down to discuss the future of the company.
此类结构还有:in addition to 除……外;admit to 承认;devote oneself to 献身于;be equal to 能胜任;等于;be familiar to 为……所熟悉;give ones mind to 专心于;keep to 坚持;look up to 尊敬;lead to 导致;look forward to 盼望;object to 反对;pay attention to 注意;point to 指向;stick to 坚持;see to 注意;负责,照料;be used to 习惯于;turn to 求助于等。
下列结构中的in通常省略,其中的V-ing形式为介词的表语:
(1) have difficulty / trouble / problems / a struggle (in) doing sth. 做某事中遇到困难、麻烦、问题等
They had a lot of trouble (in) finding her house. 他们费了好大的劲儿才找到她的房子。
(2) have a hard / happy / good / difficult / wonderful time (in) doing sth. 做某事的过程艰难/快乐等
