改革开放以来中国酒店业发展变化研究
2021-08-06苏晓梦
苏晓梦



【摘 要】改革开放以来,中国酒店业由弱变强,经历了翻天覆地的变化。改革开放初期,全国涉外饭店仅有200多家,经过40多年的发展,中国酒店业已经成为一个具有相当规模的产业。论文主要回顾在市场经济的作用下,原本由政府主导以接待为主的中国酒店业是怎样逐渐向由市场主导的兼具星级酒店、经济型酒店以及非标住宿业的综合型业态转变。这种转变从侧面反映出了改革开放以来我国酒店业发展进步的轨迹。
【Abstract】Since the reform and opening up, the hotel industry in China has changed from weak to strong, and has undergone great changes. In the early stage of reform and opening up, there were only 200 foreign-related hotels in China. After more than 40 years of development, China's hotel industry has become a considerable scale industry. This paper mainly reviews how the China's hotel industry, which is dominated by the government, has gradually changed to a comprehensive business form dominated by the market, which is both star-rated hotel, economic hotels and non-standard accommodation. This change reflects the development and progress of China's hotel industry since the reform and opening up.
【关键词】酒店业;改革开放;发展变化
【Keywords】hotel industry; reform and opening up; development and change
【中图分类号】F719.2 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)07-0057-03
1 引言
自1978年中国共产党第十一届中央委员会第三次全体会议作出改革开放的伟大决策以来,中国进入了一个崭新的、以经济建设为工作重心的历史时期,就此开启了旅游业新时期以经济导向为指引的改革开放道路(曾博伟,2018)[1]。旅游政策也由往日的“政治导向”转为划时代的“经济导向”。40年来,随着改革开放实践步伐的不断推进,旅游业的发展取得了显著的成就,从世界旅游市场中的无名一族,成长为世界重要的旅游目的地和客源国(夏杰长,徐金海,2018)[2]。截至2016年,中国公民出境旅游目的地国家和地区达到了153个,出境旅游人数达到1.22亿人次,出境消费突破1000亿美元;接待的入境旅游人数达到1.38亿人次(刘圆圆,2017)[3]。受新冠疫情影響,2020年度国内旅游人数28.79亿人次,比上年同期减少30.22亿人次,下降52.1%。然而从季度看,降幅呈现收窄趋势:其中一季度同比下降83.4%,二季度同比下降51.0%,三季度同比下降34.3%,四季度同比下降32.9%。……
