丁林玲 谢颖欣 高伟 于丽娟 李宏 王振兴 张雪春

摘要：【目的】研究三葉木通果肉提取物的体外抗氧化及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的能力，为三叶木通的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以三叶木通果肉为原料，经乙醇提取得到粗提物，再经不同溶剂依次萃取后得到石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇相萃取物和水层残余物;以DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、铁还原能力及氧化自由基吸收能力为指标，评估各萃取物的体外抗氧化活性;以各萃取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制能力为指标，考察其体外降血糖和防治老年痴呆的能力。【结果】三叶木通果肉石油醚相萃取物的DPPH自由基清除能力最强，为54.02 mg Trolox/g;氯仿相的ABTS自由基清除能力和氧化自由基吸收能力最强，分别为320.66和266.87 mg Trolox/g;粗提物的铁还原能力最强，为557.36 mg FeSO4/g;氯仿相抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的能力均最强，半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.93和1.22 mg/mL。相关分析结果表明，除ABTS自由基清除能力与铁还原能力之间的相关性不显著（P>0.05，下同）外，4个抗氧化能力测定结果间均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），相关系数为0.659～0.970;α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力的IC50与4个抗氧化能力测定结果之间相关性不显著，相关系数为-0.485～-0.412;乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力的IC50与铁还原能力呈显著负相关（相关系数为-0.556，P<0.05），与DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和氧化自由基吸收能力之间相关性不显著，相关系数为-0.541～-0.434。【结论】三叶木通果肉提取物具有一定的体外抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力，有被开发为具有降血糖、防治老年痴呆活性的天然抗氧化剂和保健食品的潜力。

关键词： 三叶木通;果肉;体外抗氧化;α-葡萄糖苷酶;乙酰胆碱酯酶

中图分类号： S567.19;TS209                           文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）04-1058-08

In vitro antioxidant activities， α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability of

Akebia trifoliata pulp extracts

DING Lin-ling1， XIE Ying-xin2， GAO Wei3， YU Li-juan4， LI Hong4，

WANG Zhen-xing1， ZHANG Xue-chun1*

（1College of Life Sciences， Southwest Forestry University，Kunming  650224， China; 2Zhuhai No.4 Middle School，Zhuhai， Guangdong  519015， China; 3Jiangxi Academy of Forestry， Nanchang  330013， China; 4Research Institute of Product Processing， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming  650033， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Akebia trifoliata，the in vitro antioxidant，α-glucosidase inhibition，and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability of Akebia trifoliata pulp extract were investigated. 【Method】The A. trifoliata pulp was extracted with ethanol，and the crude extract was further partitioned using different polarity solvents，where petroleum ether，chloroform，ethyl acetate，n-butanol phase extract and water residue were obtained. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging ability，ABTS radical scavenging ability，ferric reducing antioxidant power，and oxygen radical absorbance ability. The α-glucosidase inhibition ability and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability were carried out to quantify the potential of hypoglycemic effect and anti-Alzheimer effect. 【Result】The petroleum ether phase extract exhibited the strongest DDPH radical scavenging ability with the value of 54.02 mg Trolox/g，and chloroform phase extract posed the strongest ABTS radical scavenging ability （320.66 mg Trolox/g） and oxygen radical absorbance ability（266.87 mg Trolox/g），while the crude extract showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power（557.36 mg FeSO4/g）. The chloroform phase extract showed the strongest α-glucosidase ability with the half inhibition concentration rate（IC50） value of 0.93 mg/mL，and chloroform phase extract showed the strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability， and IC50 value was 1.22 mg/mL. The correlation analysis showed that the relationships among all antioxidant assay results were extremely significant（P<0.01）， correlation coefficient range was 0.659-0.970， except the relationship between ABTS radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power（P>0.05， the same below）. The IC50 of α-glucosidase inhibition ability had  not significant correlation with four antioxidant abilities（correlation coefficient range was between -0.485 and -0.412）. A significant negative correlation was found between the IC50 of acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power（correlation coefficient was -0.556，P<0.05），while there were no significant correlation with the DPPH radical scavenging ability， ABTS radical scavenging ability，and oxygen radical absorbance ability（correlation coefficient range was between -0.541 and -0.434）. 【Conclusion】The above results indicate that A. trifoliata pulp extracts have certain in vitro antioxidant ability，α-glucosidase inhibition ability，and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability. A. trifoliata has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and healthy food with antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer activity.

Key words： Akebia trifoliata; pulp; in vitro antioxidation; α-glucosidase; acetylcholinesterase

Foundation item： Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan（2018ZG004）; The Joint Special Youth Project of Basic Agricultural Research in Yunnan（2017FG001（-078））; Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Education Department（2016ZZX150）

0 引言

【研究意义】三叶木通（Akebia trifoliata，AT）又称八月瓜、八月炸，为木通科木通属植物，广泛分布于我国长江流域及南方各省份。其营养价值高，色香味俱佳，可食用也可药用，具有消热利尿、通经活络、镇静止痛、抗炎消肿和排乳等功效（刘勇等，2004;吴连花等，2010），目前已在贵州、江西、广西等地大量种植，成为当地的重点发展产业之一。研……