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利用分子标记辅助选择技术创制耐铝玉米种质

2021-08-03邓磊潘金卫杨文鹏任洪王伟柏光晓

南方农业学报 2021年4期

邓磊 潘金卫 杨文鹏 任洪 王伟 柏光晓

摘要:【目的】將耐铝主效基因导入普通玉米自交系,筛选出耐铝玉米株系,为拓宽玉米耐铝种质资源及耐铝育种提供理论参考。【方法】以玉米耐铝材料(CML530、CML532、CML533和CML534)和普通玉米自交系(西1、9058和LX9801)为材料,构建6个回交群体,基于分子标记辅助选择技术,利用与耐铝基因ZmM1、ZmM2、ZmASL和ZmALMT2紧密连锁的分子标记(umc1468、ZmMATE1、ZmMATE2、MateF2和ALMT93496)进行靶基因选择,将耐铝主效基因导入到普通玉米自交系,结合植株田间表现,筛选出耐铝的稳定株系,并对其进行耐铝鉴定。【结果】在分离世代(BC1F1/S1)苗期对6个回交群体共581个株系进行靶基因选择,结果有69个株系中选,结合植株田间表现,最终获得17个稳定株系。基于分子标记检测结果,17个稳定株系的遗传背景恢复率为73.9%~93.8%,平均为83.4%。0.2 mmol/L AlCl3溶液处理下17个稳定株系的根系生长均受到不同程度的抑制,根净增长度平均值为0.81 cm,极显著低于对照(0.5 mmol/L CaCl2溶液)(P<0.01,下同);稳定株系的根相对伸长率与轮回亲本差异达极显著水平;17个稳定株系的根相对伸长率为64.50%~83.33%,平均为74.74%,均为中等及以上耐铝株系,其中NS1、NS9、NS10、NS15和NS16为高耐铝株系。【结论】通过分子标记辅助选择技术可将耐铝主效基因导入普通玉米自交系,且导入多个耐铝基因株系的耐铝性较同一群体中导入单个耐铝基因的株系均有不同程度提高,表明多个耐铝基因累加可提高耐铝性。可见,该技术可作为耐铝玉米种质创制的有效手段。

关键词: 玉米;分子标记辅助选择;酸性土壤;耐铝性

中图分类号: S513.035.3                           文献标志码: A 文章编号:2095-1191(2021)04-0908-08

Breeding aluminum-tolerant maize germplasm using

molecular marker-assisted selection

DENG Lei1, PAN Jin-wei1, YANG Wen-peng2, REN Hong2, WANG Wei2*, BAI Guang-xiao1*

(1College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang  550025, China; 2Institute of Upland Food Crops,

Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang  520100, China)

Abstract:【Objective】The main-effect genes for aluminum(Al) tolerance were introgressed into common maize inbred lines, maize germplasms with Al tolerance were selected so as to provide reference for broadening Al-tolerant maize germplasms and breeding of Al-tolerant maize germplasms. 【Method】Six backcross populations were constructed with Al-tolerant maize materials(CML530,CML532,CML533 and CML534) and common maize inbred lines(Xi1,9058 and LX9801). Based on molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS),the targeted genes were selected using molecular mar-kers(umc1468,ZmMATE1,ZmMATE2,MateF2 and ALMT93496) closely linked to Al-tolerant genes(ZmM1, ZmM2, ZmASL and ZmALMT2). The main-effect genes for Al tolerance were introgressed into common maize inbred lines, combined with the field performance, the stable lines were selected and  Al-resistance was identified. 【Result】In separated generation(BC1F1/S1),581 individuals were screened out from 6 populations at seedling stage using MAS,and a total of 69 individuals were selected. Combined with the field performance,17 stable lines were finally obtained. The recovery rate of genetic background based on molecular markers was 73.9%-93.8%,with an average of 83.4%. Under the treatment of 0.2 mmol/L AlCl3 solution, the growth of the roots of 17 stable lines was inhibited to varying degrees. The average net growth of the roots was 0.81 cm, which was extremely significantly lower(P<0.01, the same below) than that of the control(0.5 mmol/L CaCl2 solution). The relative elongation of the roots of the stable lines showed extremely significant difference from that of the recurrent parent. The identification of Al tolerance at seedling stage showed that the relative root elongation rate of 17 selected lines ranged from 64.50% to 83.33%,with an average of 74.74%. All of them were medium or above Al-tolerant lines,NS1,NS9,NS10,NS14 and NS16 of which were highly Al-tolerant lines. 【Conclusion】Molecular marker-assisted selection technique helps introgress  the Al-tolerant major-effect genes into the normal maize inbred line. Moreover, the Al tolerance of inbred lines taking in more than one Al-tolerant genes is better than lines in the same population taking in a single Al-tolerant gene. Therefore, the accumulation of multiple Al-tolerant genes enhances the level of Al tolerance. The technology can serve as an effective method for the breeding of Al-tolerant maize germplasm.

Key words: maize; molecular marker-assisted selection; acid soil; aluminum tolerance

Foundation item: Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou(QKHZC〔2020〕1Y050); Guizhou High-level Innovative Talent Cultivation Object Project(20154017)

0 引言

【研究意义】玉米是世界上分布最广的作物之一。铝毒害胁迫是生长于酸性土壤中玉米产量的主要限制因子,其危害仅次于干旱胁迫,严重影响玉米产业的发展(Liu et al.,2014)。世界上酸性土壤面积约占全世界陆地总面积的35%,占耕地总面积的50%(Ryan and Delhaize,2010;廖红和严小龙,2013)。我国酸性土壤面积达2.04×108 ha,约占耕地面积的21%,主要集中在长江以南的热带、亚热带地区(秦松等,2009;赵天龙等,2013)。研究发现,当土壤pH<5时,铝溶解变成Al3+,经Ca2+通道进入作物根细胞内,诱导细胞产生活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)并造成细胞壁僵化,导致根的生长受到抑制,从而阻碍作物生长发育(肖厚军和王正银,2006;林郑和和肖荣冰,2009;Ryan et al.,2011)。生产上迫切需要耐铝玉米种质,但目前自然界中几乎不存在天然的耐铝种质,主要通过人工选择获得耐铝突变体。因此,利用分子标记辅助选择技术创制耐铝玉米种质,对玉米产业发展具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】近年来,玉米耐铝毒的分子遗传学研究发展非常迅速。研究发现,玉米的耐铝性是数量性状,受多基因累加影响(Borrero et al.,1995)。研究较多的耐铝基因为苹果酸和柠檬酸的转运蛋白基因,分别属于铝激活苹果酸转运蛋白(Al-Activated Malate Transporter,ALMT)和多药及毒性复合物排出转运蛋白(Multidrug and toxin extrusion,MATE)家族(Yan et al.,2020;宋鑫等,2021)。Ninamango-Cárdenas等(2003)利用QTL作图定位了5个与玉米耐铝毒相关的QTL,可解释60%的遗传变异。解光宁(2012)研究发现ZmSTAR1和ZmSTAR2基因编码耐铝毒ABC转运蛋白,参与玉米中的铝毒胁迫响应,是与玉米耐铝性相关的转录因子。目前获得耐铝玉米种质的途径较少,部分学者通过从自交系和地方特色品種中寻找基因资源,并结合耐铝性鉴定筛选获得(许玉凤等,2005;Coelho et al.,2016;林金利等,2020),关于耐铝新种质创制的报道较少。为了加快玉米耐铝性育种进程,拓宽耐铝玉米种质,国内外学者在玉米耐铝分子标记方面开展了大量研究。Maron等(2010)根据玉米耐铝性的主效基因ZmM1和ZmM2,开发出2个Indel分子标记即ZmMATE1和ZmMATE2。王伟等(2014)将ZmM1和ZmM2基因附近的分子标记进行整合,并结合分子标记的多态性和遗传连锁关系进行分析,结果发现通过ZmM1和ZmM2基因进行分子标记辅助选择时,宜选择ZmMATE1、ZmMATE2和umc1468分子标记进行检测。Krill等(2017)通过关联分析筛选出4个与玉米耐铝性相关的基因,即玉米AltsB蛋白类似物基因(Zea mays AltSB like,ZmASL)、玉米铝激活苹果酸2号转运蛋白基因(Zea mays aluminum-activated malate transporter2,ZmALMT2)、S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸酶基因(S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinase,SAHH)和苹果酸酶基因(Malic enzyme,ME),并开发了对应的Indel分子标记,可用于耐铝玉米材料的分子标记辅助选择。Matonyei等(2014)在选育玉米耐铝材料时发现,应将多个耐铝基因进行聚合,而不是单一基因渗入。【本研究切入点】虽然通过分子生物学手段可提高玉米在酸性土壤中的耐铝性能并拓宽耐铝玉米种质,但目前鲜见利用分子标记辅助选择技术创制玉米耐铝种质的研究报道。【拟解决的关键问题】以玉米耐铝材料和普通玉米自交系为材料,利用分子标记辅助选择技术将耐铝主效基因导入普通玉米自交系中,从中筛选获得耐铝的新材料,为拓宽玉米耐铝种质资源及耐铝育种提供理论参考。

1 材料与方法

1. 1 试验材料

4份玉米耐铝材料来源于国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT),3份普通玉米自交系来源于贵州省旱粮研究所(表1)。……

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