陈秀琴 刘其全 何玉仙 刘必炮 邱良妙

摘要：【目的】制備草地贪夜蛾性诱剂纳米诱芯，并开展田间诱捕试验，筛选出最佳且有效的诱芯，为草地贪夜蛾的监测和绿色防控提供参考依据。【方法】采用共溶剂法，以两亲脂质分子（DSPE-mPEG5000）为载体制备草地贪夜蛾性信息素胶体粒子，以0.22 μm聚醚砜膜为缓释材料制备纳米诱芯，采用田间生物测定方法比较不同缓释载体材料和不同质量诱芯的诱蛾效果。【结果】性信息素Z9-14：OAc、Z7-12：OAc和Z11-16：OAc质量比为90∶0.5∶9.5时诱蛾效果最佳;草地贪夜蛾性信息素胶体粒子呈球形，尺寸在40 nm左右，具有良好的分散性。以0.22 μm聚醚砜膜缓释载体的纳米诱芯诱蛾量最多，为6.07头/d;缓释载体为PVC毛细管的诱芯诱蛾量次之，天然橡胶塞的诱蛾量最少。纳米诱芯质量为2.0 mg时的诱蛾效果最佳，诱蛾量显著高于除1.5 mg外的诱芯质量（P<0.05）。【结论】纳米载体DSPE-mPEG5000可有效减缓性信息素分解和氧化变质的速度，延长挥发时间。0.22 μm聚醚砜膜载体对草地贪夜蛾性信息素胶体粒子有明显的吸附作用，纳米性诱剂对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的室内引诱作用和田间诱捕效果，可进一步开发并应用于草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控。

关键词： 草地贪夜蛾;性信息素胶体粒子;两亲脂质分子;缓释载体材料;绿色防治

中图分类号： S433.4                                文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）03-0626-06

The preparation and application of nanoscale sex attractant lures against Spodoptera frugiperda

CHEN Xiu-qin， LIU Qi-quan， HE Yu-xian， LIU Bi-pao， QIU Liang-miao*

（Institute of Plant Protection， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests， Fuzhou  350013，China）

Abstract：【Objective】Prepared nanoscale sex attractant lures for Spodoptera frugiperda，and carried out field trapping experiments to screen out the best and effective lure to provide reference for monitoring and green control of S. frugiperda. 【Method】The amphiphilic lipid molecule（DSPE-mPEG5000） was used as a nanocarrier to encapsulate sex pheromone to form sex pheromone colloidal particles of S. frugiperda by a co-solvent method，and the nanoscale lure was prepared with 0.22 μm polyethersulfone membrane as sustained-release material. The amount of trapped S. frugiperda with different sustained-release carrier materials and different qualities of lures were compared by field bioassay method. 【Result】The lure with mass ratios of Z9-14：OAc，Z7-12：OAc，and Z11-16：OAc=90：0.5：9.5 caught the most S. frugiperda. The sex pheromonecolloidal particles were spherical with a mean diameter of 40 nm， and it had fine dispersion performance. The nanoscale sex attractant lures with the sustained-release carriers of 0.22 μm polyethersulfone membrane caught the most S. frugiperda males，which was 6.07 moth/d; followed by the sustained-release carriers of PVC capillary，while natural rubber plugcaught the least. The  trapped effect was the best when nanoscale sex pheromone attractants was 2.0 mg， which was significantly better than all the attractants except 1.5 mg（P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】The nanocarrier DSPE-mPEG5000 can effectively slow down the decomposition and oxidation rate of sex pheromone and prolong the volatilization time. The 0.22 μm polyethersulfone membrane carrier has obvious adsorption effect on sex pheromone colloid particles，and the nanoscale sex attractant lures has good indoor attractant and field trap effect on S. frugiperda. The nanoscale lure can be further developed and used in the monitoring and control of S. frugiperda.

Key words： Spodoptera frugiperda; sex pheromonecolloidal particles; amphiphilic lipid molecule; sustained-release carrier materials; green control

Foundation item： Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Project of Fujian（2020R1024007）; Guided Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences（YDXM2019002）; Guided Project of Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Department（2020N0026）; International Cooperation Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences（DWHZ2021-19）

0 引言

【研究意義】2019年1月在我国云南出现了一种新的害虫——草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda），属鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）夜蛾科（Noctuidae）（Jing et al.，2020;Li et al.，2020）。草地贪夜蛾是一种多食性害虫，可取食350多种寄主植物，严重威胁着我国玉米、小麦等粮食作物（Montezano et al.，2018;Lee et al.，2020）。其迁飞能力强，成虫一晚能飞100 km以上，目前已传播至100多个国家和地区，我国已有26个省（区、市）1538个县发现其为害（林海蔚等，2020;苏湘宁等，2020）。因此，探索草地贪夜蛾绿色防控措施对保障农业生产安全具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】草地贪夜蛾防治方法多种多样，目前很大程……