陈浩 罗棕 杜春 彭双 李军

摘   要：针对现有卫星观测任务可调度性预测模型难以建模长时间间隔的观测任务依赖关系的问题，提出一种基于双向门控循环单元（Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit，Bi-GRU）的卫星对地观测任务可调度性预测模型. 该模型以卫星历史规划方案作为学习样本，能够以较低计算代价较高准确率地预测出对地观测任务集合中可以被响应的子集. 该模型首先通过多层全连接感知机神经网络提取任务属性间的关联关系，然后采用多组多层双向门控循环单元组成的循环神经网络提取观测任务与其前驱及后继观测任务序列的潜在时序特征，最后融合各组双向门控循环单元的预测结果，从而利用观测任务之间的正向与反向信息依赖关系提升任务可调度性预测准确度. 实验结果表明，与现有主流预测模型相比，本文提出方法在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1分数等指标上分别提升了2.27%、2.36%、3.45%和2.37%.

关键词：对地观测卫星;任务可调度性;循环神经网络;预测;双向门控循环单元

中图分类号：TP391                                文献标志码：A

A Prediction Method for Schedulability of

Satellite Earth Observation Task Based on Bi-GRU

CHEN Hao，LUO Zong，DU Chun，PENG Shuang?，LI Jun

（College of Electronic Science and Technology，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China）

Abstract：Considering that the existing prediction models of satellite observation task schedulability are difficult to model the potential dependencies between observation tasks with long time interval， a novel predictive model for satellite earth observation task schedulability based on Bidirectional Gated Recursive Unit （Bi-GRU） network is proposed. The model can learn from the historical satellite observation task scheduling results and forecast the observation task scheduling result accurately without a time-consuming scheduling computation. Firstly，the model adopts a multi-layer fully connected forward neural network to extract the relationship between the features of observation tasks. Then，a multi-group and multi-layer Bi-GRU network is designed to formulate the temporal features between the current task and its precursors and successors in task sequence bi-directionally. Lastly，the outputs of Bi-GRU groups are fused in order to enhance the accuracy of the prediction result. The experimental results show that，compared with the state-of-the-art approaches，the accuracy， precision， recall and F1 score of the proposed method are improved by 2.27%， 2.36%， 3.45% and 2.37%， respectively.

Key words：earth observation satellite;task schedulability;recurrent neural network;predict;Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit（Bi-GRU）

随着成像卫星技術的不断发展，社会各领域对成像卫星的使用需求也越来越多，由于卫星资源有限，无法满足所有对地观测需求，导致观测需求冲突经常发生. 卫星任务规划是从众多的卫星对地观测请求中选出一个无冲突子集，使得观测收益最大化. 已有研究表明，卫星任务规划是一个典型的NP-hard问题[1-2]，目前尚没有多项式时间快速算法，大规模情况……