刘兆敏 雷少刚 金丹 付尉敏 景日馨 张家强

摘 要：为了寻找适合于高潜水位煤矿区的综合风险评价方法，采用暴露响应模型，综合分析高潜水位煤矿区风险来源与风险表征，构建了高潜水位煤矿区综合风险评价体系，以淮南煤矿区为例开展空间异质性评价。研究結果表明，高潜水位煤矿区风险主要体现为环境污染风险、水土流失风险、洪涝风险、土地破坏风险、生态系统服务功能损失风险以及社会经济风险。研究区综合风险评价结果符合研究区的基本情况，验证了高潜水位煤矿区综合风险空间评价体系在实际应用中的可靠性。基于风险评价结果，可以展开针对性的风险防范工作。煤矿区风险评价可以为煤矿区的风险治理提供参考，对煤炭城市的可持续发展具有一定的借鉴意义和应用价值。

关键词：体系构建;高潜水位煤矿区;综合风险评价;空间异质性

中图分类号： TD88  文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-1098（2021）01-0041-08

收稿日期：2020-08-31

基金项目：江苏省自然资源科技项目（KJM2019030）

作者简介：刘兆敏（1998-），女，江苏宿迁人，在读硕士，研究方向：土地利用、环境遥感。

Construction of Comprehensive Risk Space Evaluation System for High Diving Level Coal Mining Area

LIU Zhaomin1，2，LEI Shaogang3，4，JIN Dan5，FU Weimin6JING Rixin6，ZHANG Jiaqiang6

（1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences， Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Nanjing Jiangsu  210008， China; 2. College of Resources and Environment， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing  100049， China; 3. Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration， China University of Mining and Technology， Xuzhou Jiangsu  221116， China; 4. Coal Mining Subsidence and Goaf Management Engineering Research Center， Shandong Bureau of Coal Geology， Jining Shandong  272100， China; 5. School of Management， China University of Mining and Technology， Xuzhou Jiangsu  221116， China; 6. School of Environment and Science and Spatial Informatics， China University of Mining and Technology， Xuzhou Jiangsu  221116， China）

Abstract： In order to find a comprehensive risk assessment method suitable for high diving level coal mining areas， the risk sources and comprehensive characterization were analyzed and a comprehensive risk space evaluation system for high diving level coal mining areas was built by using the exposure response model. Taking the Huainan coal mine area as an example to carry out spatial heterogeneity evaluation. The research results show that the risks of high diving level coal mining area are mainly embodied in the risks of environmental pollution， soil erosion， flood， land damage， ecosystem service function losss， and socioeconomy. The comprehensive risk evaluation results of Huainan coal mine area accord with the basic situation of the studied area， which verifies the reliability of the comprehensive risk spatial evaluation system for high diving level coal mining areas in practical applications. Based on the results of the risk assessment， the targeted risk prevention may be carried out. The risk assessment will provide a reference for risk management in coal mining areas and have certain significance and application value for the sustainable development of coal cities.

Key words：system construction; high diving level coal mine area; comprehensive risk assessment; spatial heterogeneity

我国是“富煤贫油少气”的国家，2019年累计原煤产量达到38.46亿吨，占世界煤炭总产量的47.31%，居世界第一[1]11。随着煤炭开采利用范围扩大，出现大面积地表沉陷，耕地损失，植被退化，改变地形、景观与生物多样性，污染物扩散，诱发疾病与死亡[2-4]。2019年全国原煤产量排名前十的省份，山东省、安徽省、河南省均处于高潜水位地区[1]11，煤矿区内具有采后易积水、多煤层多次开采、沉陷深度大、开采时期长的特点[5]，大量农田变为沼泽，还伴随诸多环境污染，制约了资源城市的可持续发展。……