杨洪涛 张宇 李莉 马群 汪珺

摘 要：針对现有激光干涉仪的数控机床几何误差辨识与建模，操作过程复杂、建模效率低等问题，提出了一种新的基于球杆仪的数控机床几何误差辨识与建模方法。利用三平面圆弧轨迹测量法和球杆仪对误差进行测量，建立了球杆仪读数与机床各平面内对应几何误差之间的辨识模型，实现了几何误差辨识，并建立了机床综合误差预测模型。同时利用激光干涉仪建立比对实验装置，测量出机床的实际几何误差。分别将利用球杆仪辨识出的几何误差数据和激光干涉仪测量的误差分别代入机床综合误差预测模型进行对比验证。从对比结果中可以看出，利用两种方法建立的机床综合误差模型差别在3.0μm，可以满足机床误差补偿的要求。

关键词：球杆仪;几何误差辨识;综合误差预测模型;比对结果

中图分类号： TG806  文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-1098（2021）01-0018-06

收稿日期：2020-07-13

基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51675004）;安徽高校自然科学研究基金资助项目（KJ2019A0844）

作者简介：杨洪涛（1972-），男，福建莆田人，教授，博士，研究方向：精密测试技术、仪器精度理论及应用。

A Geometric Error Identification and Modeling  of CNC Machine Tool Based on Double Ball-bar

YANG Hongtao1，2，ZHANG Yu1，2，LI Li1，2，MA Qun1，2，WANG Jun3

（1. School of Mechanical Engineering， Anhui University of Science and Technology ， Huainan Anhui  232001， China;2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan Anhui  232001， China;3. School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering， Hefei University， Hefei Anhui  230001， China）

Abstract：To solve the problems of the complicated operation process and the low efficiency of geometric error identification and modeling of computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools with the existing laser interferometers， a new method of geometric error identification and modeling was proposed for CNC machine tools based on double ball-bar. The identification model was established of the relationship between the double ball-bar reading and the corresponding geometric error in each plane of the machine tool with the three-plane arc trajectory measurement method and the double ball-bar utilized to measure the error， realizing the geometric error Identification and the establishment of a comprehensive error prediction model of the machine tool and a comparison experimental device  with the laser interferometer used to measure the actual geometric error of the machine tool. The geometric error data identified by the double ball-bar and the error measured by the laser interferometer were respectively substituted into the comprehensive error prediction model of the machine tool for comparison and verification. From the results， it is found that the difference between the two is 3.0 μm， which meets the requirements of the machine tool error compensation.

Key words：double ball-bar; geometric error identification; comprehensive error prediction model; comparison results

数控机床在机测量系统是由机床本体和触发测头组成，通过测头产生触发信号，触发机床本身的三维坐标读数装置进行读数，实现被测点的三维坐标测量。如果不提高测量系统精度，直接利用机床与测头相结合开展测量，不满足测量系统精度必须三倍高于被测零件精度的要求，因此必须利用误差分离方法对机床各项几何误差进行测量，建立高精度综合误差预测模型进行测量误差补偿[1]。……