1. defend   v.   防守，防御，保卫;辩解

Troops have been sent to defend the borders.

部队已被派出守卫边疆。

How can you defend such behavior？

你怎能为这种行为辩解呢？

搭配：

defend sb/sth against sb/sth   抵御……;为……申辩

All officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.

所有警察都接受過防御训练以对付持刀袭击。

defence   n.   保卫，防御;辩护，防守

At least， for that， his defence team should be grateful.

至少对于这一点，他的辩护团应心存感激。

2. attend   v.   上（学）;出席，参加;照料

She is so sick that she cant attend a class.

她病得太严重而不能上课。

It is necessary for you to attend the meeting.

你有必要参加这次会议。

She was constantly attended by her sister.

她经常由她姐姐照料着。

attend on/upon   伺候，照料

attend to sb/sth   处理;照料;注意（听）

I have some urgent business to attend to.

我有一些急事要处理。

3. various   adj.   各种各样的，各种不同的;若干

There are various ways of doing this work.

做这项工作的方法有很多种。

Various people said theyd seen the accident.

很多人说他们目睹了这次车祸。

variety   n.   各式各样的事物;变化，多样化;种类，品种

Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.

参加聚会的人因为种种原因而迟到。

4. immediate   adj.   立刻的，即刻的;直接的

This work demands your immediate attention.

这项工作需要你立即引起重视。

The immediate cause of the fire is unknown.

造成火灾的直接原因不明。

immediately   adv.   立即地，马上

conj.   一……就……

I came immediately after I had eaten.

我一吃完饭就过来了。

5. deserve   v.   应得，值得;应受

You deserve a good rest after all that hard work.

辛苦那么久，你该好好休息一下了。

If the little boy really lied， he deserved punishment.

如果那个小男孩真的撒谎了，那他应该受到惩罚。

搭配：

（sb） deserve to do（某人）应做（某事）

Everyone deserves to have a chance in life.

每个人在人生当中都应得一次机会。

6. rely   v.   信任，信赖;依赖，依靠

You can rely on me to keep your secret.

你可以相信我会替你保守秘密。

These days people rely heavily on computers to finish work.

现今，人们很大程度上依赖电脑完成工作。

Rely on me/my doing it.

放心好了，我会做那件事。

7. appoint   v.   任命，委派;安排，确定（时间、地点）

They appointed him as captain of the England team.

他们任命他为英格兰队队长。

A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.

会议日期尚待确定。

appointment   n.   预约;约会;任命

The director wont see you unless you have an appointment.

除非事先预约，否则导演不会见你。

8. commit   v.   犯（错误，罪行）;保证，承诺

Most teenagers commit crimes because they lack parental control.

大多數青少年犯罪是由于缺少父母监管。

The manager has refused to commit himself on this matter.

那位经理拒绝就此问题做出承诺。

commitment   n.   承诺，诺言;忠诚，支持

Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service.

我们公司对质量和客户服务做出承诺。

9. confirm   v.（尤指通过提供更多证据）证实，进一步

确定;批准，确认

The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

她脸上的表情证明我们最担心的事情发生了。

10. There is no doubt that   毫无疑问……

There is no doubt that we did the right thing.

毫无疑问我们做对了。

There is no doubt that she will call us when she gets there.

她到达那儿的时候必定会给我们打电话。

（1） There is no possibility that   没有……的可能性

There is no possibility that she will be lost.

她不可能会迷路。

（2） It is no wonder that   难怪……

It is no wonder that youve got a headache when you drank so much last night.

昨晚你喝了那么多酒，难怪你头痛。

11. if necessary   如果有必要的话

If necessary （=If it is necessary）， you can use my car.

必要的话，你可以用我的车。

You may refer the matter to him if necessary （=if it is necessary）.

必要的话，你可以把这件事委托给他。

“if+形容词”是“if （it is/was） + 形容词”省略it is/was的形式;if necessary为if it is necessary的省略句形式。if后还可跟possible，ready等。

If possible （=If it is possible）， let me know beforehand.

如果可能，事先让我知道。

Send the goods now if ready （=if it is ready）.

货物如已备好，请立即送来。

12. be used to （sth/doing sth）   习惯于（某事/做某事）

We are used to the noise from the traffic now.

现在我们已经适应车辆往来的噪音了。

I found the job tiring at first but soon I was used to it.

起初我觉得这份工作很辛苦，但很快就习惯了。

辨析：比较be used to和used to

be used to sth/doing sth指某人习惯、适应于某事/做某事，可与get used to sth/doing sth互换。

Im not used to eating so much at lunch time.

我不习惯午饭吃那么多。

used to指过去常常做某事而现在不再做某事。

I used to smoke， but I gave up a couple of years ago.

我以前要抽烟，但几年前戒掉了。

13. draw sbs attention to   引起某人注意（某事物）

The teacher tries to draw students attention to what she is saying.

老师想把学生的注意力引到她所讲的内容上。

pay attention to   注意……，留心……

You must pay attention to the teacher.

你必须专心听老师讲课。

The music was on but I wasnt paying much attention to it.

音乐响起，但是我没怎么注意听。

14. take possession of   占有，占据，拥有

You cant take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.

所有的文件签字以后你才能拥有这套房子。

（1） possess   v.   拥有，占有;支配

The police asked me if I possessed the car.

警察问这辆车是不是我的。

（2） in possession of =own   拥有，占有

He is in possession of a large estate in the country.

他在乡下拥有一大块地产。

（3） in sbs possession   为某人所有

The house has been in the familys possession since the 1500s.

这所房子自16世纪以来一直为这个家族所有。

15. be based on   根据，以……为基础

The report is based on different figures from six European cities.

报告是根据来自欧洲六个城市的不同数据完成的。

Friendship should be based on mutual respect.

友谊应建立在对彼此的尊重之上。

base   n.   底部，根基，基础;总部，基地

v.   以……为基础;以……为基地

Many languages have Latin as their base.

許多语言都以拉丁语为基础。

Our companys base is in London， but we have branches all over the world.

我们公司的总部在伦敦，但是我们在世界各地都设有分公司。

Who Discovered America？

Teacher： Pappu， go to the map and find North America.

Pappu： Here it is！

Teacher： Correct. Now， class， who discovered America？

Class： Pappu！